Familial Clustering of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comorbidities in Women of Reproductive Age with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of reproductive age. Familial aggregation and co-morbidities influence disease burden and long-term outcomes, yet data from Nigeria remain limited.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of self-reported family history of SLE and describe the prevalence and pattern of co-morbidities among Nigerian women with SLE.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2nd of April and 30th July 2025. Participant were recruited via virtual (online) and clinic-based settings. Eligible participants were women aged 18-48 years with rheumatologist-confirmed SLE. Data were collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire.

Results: Eighty-five eligible participants were analysed. The mean age was 35.0 ± 7.7 years, and median disease duration was 50 months (IQR 22-108). Seven participants (8.2%) reported a family history of SLE. Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity (38.8%) while 28.2% had hypertension as a single condition. Peptic ulcer disease was the next most frequent (25.9%). Approximately 35.3% reported no co-morbidity. No significant association was found between comorbidities and family history of SLE (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Familial clustering of SLE was uncommon, while hypertension was the most frequent co-morbidity. Routine Cardiovascular risk assessment is recommended in this population.