Seconds-scale Joule-heating fabrication of gap-rich gold nanoparticle arrays for SEIRA detection of protein monolayers

Abstract

Rapid Joule-heating annealing converts a 10 nm Au film into a centimetre-scale nanoparticle array within seconds. At 1100 °C, sub-10 nm gaps yield an apparent enhancement factor of 6.74 for BSA. The calculated detection limit is 0.512 µM, with protein monolayer detection demonstrated for covalently immobilized BSA and HSA.