Effects of electrical stimulation on the cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A systematic review.

IF 2.2 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Cytotechnology Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-17 DOI:10.1007/s10616-026-01065-w

Alejandra Sandoval Villarreal, Paola Neuta-Arciniegas, John Jairo Cabrera-López, Álvaro José Rojas Arciniegas

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Abstract

Electrical stimulation has emerged as a promising strategy for promoting cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells; however, the available evidence remains highly heterogeneous across stimulation parameters, experimental platforms, and outcome measures. This systematic review synthesized the available in vitro evidence regarding the effects of electrical stimulation on MSC cardiogenic differentiation, with particular emphasis on stimulation parameters, experimental platforms and biological outcomes related to early cardiogenic commitment and structural maturation. A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Fifteen preclinical in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. Human-derived MSCs were the most frequently investigated cell source and carbon-based electrodes were the most commonly reported conductive material. Across the included studies, electrical stimulation was frequently associated with morphological changes and increased expression of markers related to early cardiogenic commitment and structural maturation, although findings were inconsistent for some outcomes. A stimulation frequency of 1 Hz, pulse widths of 5 ms, and stimulation periods of approximately two weeks were the most frequently employed conditions. Nevertheless, substantial heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, experimental platforms and outcome measures precluded direct comparisons among studies and prevented identification of an optimal stimulation protocol. Overall, the available evidence suggests that electrical stimulation may represent a promising strategy for promoting the cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro; however, greater methodological standardization, standardized outcome assessment and functional characterization are required before definitive conclusions regarding its effectiveness and optimal stimulation protocols can be established.

Graphical abstract:

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-026-01065-w.

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电刺激对间充质干细胞心源性分化的影响：系统综述。

电刺激已成为促进间充质干细胞心源性分化的一种有希望的策略；然而，现有的证据在刺激参数、实验平台和结果测量方面仍然高度不一致。本系统综述综合了关于电刺激对MSC心源性分化影响的现有体外证据，特别强调了刺激参数、实验平台和与早期心源性承诺和结构成熟相关的生物学结果。根据系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA） 2020指南的首选报告项目，在7个电子数据库中进行了系统检索。15项临床前体外研究符合入选标准。人源间充质干细胞是最常被研究的细胞来源，碳基电极是最常被报道的导电材料。在纳入的研究中，电刺激通常与形态学改变和与早期心源性承诺和结构成熟相关的标志物表达增加有关，尽管一些结果的研究结果不一致。刺激频率为1hz，脉冲宽度为5ms，刺激周期约为两周是最常用的条件。然而，刺激参数、实验平台和结果测量的巨大异质性阻碍了研究之间的直接比较，也阻碍了最佳刺激方案的确定。总的来说，现有证据表明，电刺激可能是体外促进间充质干细胞心源性分化的一种有希望的策略；然而，在确定其有效性和最佳刺激方案的明确结论之前，需要更大的方法标准化、标准化的结果评估和功能表征。图片摘要：补充信息：在线版本包含补充材料，可在https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-026-01065-w上获得。

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来源期刊

Cytotechnology 生物-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The scope of the Journal includes: 1. The derivation, genetic modification and characterization of cell lines, genetic and phenotypic regulation, control of cellular metabolism, cell physiology and biochemistry related to cell function, performance and expression of cell products. 2. Cell culture techniques, substrates, environmental requirements and optimization, cloning, hybridization and molecular biology, including genomic and proteomic tools. 3. Cell culture systems, processes, reactors, scale-up, and industrial production. Descriptions of the design or construction of equipment, media or quality control procedures, that are ancillary to cellular research. 4. The application of animal/human cells in research in the field of stem cell research including maintenance of stemness, differentiation, genetics, and senescence, cancer research, research in immunology, as well as applications in tissue engineering and gene therapy. 5. The use of cell cultures as a substrate for bioassays, biomedical applications and in particular as a replacement for animal models.