The association of seven dietary patterns and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

IF 5.1 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Psychiatry Research Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117531

Yoona Kim, Youngyo Kim

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Abstract

The incidence of dementia is steadily increasing, and the resulting socioeconomic burden is enormous, so it is necessary to establish scientific and systematic evidence for dementia prevention. This meta-analysis was performed to explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of dementia. We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases up to October 2025 to identify prospective cohort studies investigating the association between dietary patterns and the risk of dementia. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. the lowest category of dietary adherence were calculated using random-effects models. Twenty-one articles involving 590,029 subjects and 19,401 cases were included in the meta-analysis for seven dietary patterns. High adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) was associated with a lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85). The Mediterranean (MED) diet was not significantly associated with the risk of dementia (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.78-1.05). The healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) was inversely associated with the risk of dementia (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Healthy Eating Index (HEI), unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and Western dietary pattern (WDP) did not show a significant association with the risk of dementia.

This meta-analysis indicated that high adherence to the MIND diet and hPDI was associated with a lower risk of dementia. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to suggest dietary recommendations for the prevention of dementia.

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7种饮食模式与痴呆风险的关联：前瞻性队列研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

痴呆症的发病率正在稳步上升，由此带来的社会经济负担巨大，因此有必要建立科学、系统的痴呆症预防证据。这项荟萃分析是为了探索饮食模式与痴呆风险之间的关系。我们检索了PubMed和ISI Web of Science数据库，直到2025年10月，以确定调查饮食模式与痴呆风险之间关系的前瞻性队列研究。使用随机效应模型计算最高和最低饮食依从性类别的风险比（hr）和95%置信区间（ci）。21篇文章涉及590,029名受试者和19401例病例，纳入了7种饮食模式的荟萃分析。高度坚持地中海饮食方法停止高血压干预神经退行性延迟（MIND）与较低的痴呆风险相关（HR = 0.79,95% CI: 0.73-0.85）。地中海（MED）饮食与痴呆风险无显著相关性（HR = 0.90,95% CI: 0.78-1.05）。健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）与痴呆风险呈负相关（HR = 0.85,95% CI: 0.75-0.97）。停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）饮食、健康饮食指数（HEI）、不健康植物性饮食指数（uPDI）和西方饮食模式（WDP）没有显示出与痴呆风险的显著关联。这项荟萃分析表明，高度坚持MIND饮食和hPDI与较低的痴呆风险相关。需要进一步的前瞻性队列研究来提出预防痴呆的饮食建议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Psychiatry Research 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

17.40

自引率

1.80%

发文量

527

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Psychiatry Research offers swift publication of comprehensive research reports and reviews within the field of psychiatry. The scope of the journal encompasses: Biochemical, physiological, neuroanatomic, genetic, neurocognitive, and psychosocial determinants of psychiatric disorders. Diagnostic assessments of psychiatric disorders. Evaluations that pursue hypotheses about the cause or causes of psychiatric diseases. Evaluations of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic psychiatric treatments. Basic neuroscience studies related to animal or neurochemical models for psychiatric disorders. Methodological advances, such as instrumentation, clinical scales, and assays directly applicable to psychiatric research.