Out-of-pocket expenditure in dermatophytosis: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care center in India.

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trag126

Manavi Gupta, Sukhdeep Singh, Sheetal Thakur, Kavita Kavita, Shankar Prinja, Sunil Dogra, Tarun Narang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Superficial dermatophytosis (tinea) has emerged as a chronic, relapsing public health problem in India, leading to repeated healthcare visits and increasing out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE). This study aimed to estimate the magnitude and pattern of OOPE among patients with dermatophytosis attending a tertiary care hospital and identify major contributors to overall expenditure.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 102 patients with clinically and mycologically confirmed dermatophytosis. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire capturing demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related variables. Costs related to medications, diagnostics, travel, food, lodging, and hospital-user fees were recorded at baseline and at first and second month follow-up. Expenditures were calculated in Indian rupees (₹) and converted to US dollars ($).

Results: The mean OOPE during the first month was ₹3492 ± 6112 ($38.9 ± 68.0), ranging from ₹100 to ₹9100. Medicines constituted the largest share (₹1899.6 ± 2893.6), followed by travel costs (₹824.8 ± 841.6). Other components contributed minimally. In the second month, mean OOPE declined to ₹2340.8 ± 1013.8 ($26.0 ± 11.3). The average monthly household income was ₹42 720.5, with first-month OOPE accounting for ∼8%-10%.

Conclusion: Dermatophytosis imposes a substantial financial burden, mainly due to medication and travel costs. Improving affordable antifungal access and public health programs may reduce OOPE.

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自付费用在皮肤癣：一项前瞻性观察研究从三级保健中心在印度。

目的：在印度，浅表性皮肤癣（癣）已成为一种慢性、反复发作的公共卫生问题，导致反复的医疗保健访问和增加的自付费用（OOPE）。本研究旨在估计在三级护理医院就诊的皮肤癣患者的OOPE的大小和模式，并确定总体支出的主要贡献者。方法：本前瞻性观察研究纳入102例临床和真菌学证实的皮肤真菌病患者。使用结构化问卷收集数据，包括人口统计、社会经济和疾病相关变量。在基线和第一个月和第二个月随访时记录与药物、诊断、旅行、食物、住宿和医院用户费用相关的费用。支出以印度卢比（₹）计算，并转换成美元（$）。结果：第一个月平均OOPE为₹3492±6112($38.9±68.0)，范围为₹100至₹9100。药品占比最大（1899.6±2893.6），其次是差旅费（824.8±841.6）。其他组件的贡献最小。在第二个月，平均OOPE下降到₹2340.8±1013.8（$26.0±11.3）。家庭月平均收入为42720.5卢比，第一个月的OOPE占8%-10%。结论：皮肤真菌病造成了巨大的经济负担，主要是由于药物和旅行费用。改善负担得起的抗真菌药物获取和公共卫生计划可能会减少OOPE。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

9.10%

发文量

115

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene publishes authoritative and impactful original, peer-reviewed articles and reviews on all aspects of tropical medicine.