Ni-Ga/ZrO2 catalysts redirect CO2 hydrogenation toward oxygenates at industrially relevant pressures.

Abstract

An intermetallic Ni-Ga/ZrO₂ catalyst enables CO₂ hydrogenation toward oxygenates under pressures up to 100 bar. Combined catalytic, in situ DRIFTS, and 100 h stability studies show that the Ni-Ga-GaO_x-ZrO₂ interface suppresses methanation, enhances methanol productivity, and enables ethanol and C₂-C₃ formation through a formate-mediated pathway.