Insights into gaseous hydrogen permeation behavior in welds of X65 pipeline steel

IF 3.1 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI:10.1007/s40194-026-02362-w

Mahdieh Safyari, Mansoob Ahmad, Masoud Moshtaghi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study compares the gaseous hydrogen permeation behavior of API 5L X65 pipeline steel welds produced using hybrid laser–arc welding (HLAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and high-pressure hydrogen permeation tests were used to evaluate the grain boundary characteristics and hydrogen diffusion in the welds. The HLAW weld displayed a finer microstructure with a higher fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) compared to the GMAW weld. This resulted in a lower effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (3.13 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/s) and a higher surface hydrogen concentration (6.63 × 10⁻¹² mol/cm³) in the HLAW specimen. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) further revealed higher hydrogen accumulation due to stronger hydrogen trapping associated with HAGBs in the HLAW welds, which are formed by the rapid cooling inherent to this welding technique. These results show that enrichment of HAGBs effectively hinders hydrogen diffusion. Therefore, optimizing weld design using HLAW can reduce hydrogen permeation in pipeline steels intended for hydrogen transport applications.

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X65管线钢焊缝气体氢渗透行为的研究

本研究比较了采用混合激光弧焊（HLAW）和气体金属弧焊（GMAW）生产的API 5L X65管线钢焊缝的气体氢渗透行为。采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）和高压渗氢试验对焊缝的晶界特性和氢扩散进行了评价。与GMAW焊缝相比，HLAW焊缝的显微组织更细，高角晶界（HAGBs）的比例更高。这导致HLAW样本中较低的有效氢扩散系数（3.13 × 10 - 6 cm2/s）和较高的表面氢浓度（6.63 × 10 - 12 mol/cm3）。热解吸光谱（TDS）进一步揭示了HLAW焊接中与HAGBs相关的更强的氢捕获，这是由于这种焊接技术固有的快速冷却而形成的。这些结果表明，HAGBs的富集有效地阻碍了氢的扩散。因此，使用HLAW优化焊缝设计可以减少用于氢气输送的管道钢中的氢渗透。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Welding in the World METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING-

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

14.30%

发文量

181

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Welding in the World publishes authoritative papers on every aspect of materials joining, including welding, brazing, soldering, cutting, thermal spraying and allied joining and fabrication techniques.