Cladophora sp. Algae Biomass-Derived Hydrochar for Selectivity Toward Anionic Dyes Adsorption

IF 3.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI:10.1007/s11270-026-10090-6

Muhammad Badaruddin, Laila Hanum, Elda Melwita, Sahrul Wibiyan, Yulizah Hanifah, Aldes Lesbani

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Abstract

The utilization of algal biomass as a precursor for developing functional adsorbents offers an attractive and environmentally sustainable approach to mitigating dye-contaminated wastewater. This research investigates biomass obtained from Cladophora sp. (CLA) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to generate hydrochar (HCCLA), which was subsequently assessed for its selective adsorption capacity for anionic dyes. The characterization results indicated that the HTC procedure significantly increased carbon content, diminished mineral impurities, and substantially improved surface area (from 8.52 to 15.8 m²/g) and pore volume (from 0.013 to 0.058 cm³/g). Compared to untreated CLA, the synthesized HCCLA demonstrated markedly improved adsorption selectivity, with DY showing the highest removal effectiveness. The kinetic evaluation indicated that the adsorption behavior adhered to a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, whereas the isotherm analysis revealed that the Freundlich model provided a more accurate representation, signifying multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Thermodynamic assessments further confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and endothermic (ΔH > 0), with enhanced favorability observed for HCCLA. Moreover, regeneration studies demonstrated that HCCLA shown improved stability and reusability during multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings highlight HTC as an effective method for transforming algal biomass into superior hydrochar adsorbents, indicating considerable promise for the sustainable elimination of anionic dyes from water.

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藻类生物质衍生烃类对阴离子染料的选择性吸附

利用藻类生物量作为开发功能吸附剂的前体，为减轻染料污染废水提供了一种有吸引力和环境可持续的方法。本研究研究了从Cladophora sp. （CLA）获得的生物质经过水热碳化（HTC）生成氢炭（HCCLA），随后评估了其对阴离子染料的选择性吸附能力。表征结果表明，HTC过程显著提高了碳含量，减少了矿物杂质，并大幅提高了比表面积（从8.52到15.8 m2/g）和孔体积（从0.013到0.058 cm3/g）。与未处理的CLA相比，合成的HCCLA的吸附选择性明显提高，其中DY的去除率最高。动力学评价表明吸附行为符合伪二阶（PSO）模型，而等温线分析表明Freundlich模型更准确，表明在非均质表面上有多层吸附。热力学评估进一步证实了吸附过程是自发的（ΔG < 0）和吸热的（ΔH > 0），对HCCLA的有利性增强。此外，再生研究表明，HCCLA在多次吸附-解吸循环中表现出更好的稳定性和可重复使用性。这些发现突出了HTC作为一种将藻类生物质转化为优质碳氢吸附剂的有效方法，表明了可持续消除水中阴离子染料的巨大前景。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.