Lipid Extract from Ulva ohnoi Algae: Chemical Characterization, Antibacterial Potential, and Cytotoxicity in the Search for New Agents Against MDR Infections

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Marine Biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-10-17 DOI:10.1007/s10126-026-10717-z

Marisa Castro Jara, Diego Serrasol do Amaral, Leonardo Werner, Eduardo Bastos, Luana de Azevedo Aimi, Nathalia Stark Pedra, Vithor Parada Garcia, Matheus Pereira de Albuquerque, Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo, Milena de Nardin, Wellington da Rocha da Silva, Silvia de Oliveira Hübner, Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher, Cláudio Martins Pereira de Pereira, Patrícia da Silva Nascente

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global concern. This study explored the lipid extract (LE) of Ulva ohnoi regarding its chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The LE was characterized by GC–MS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Antibacterial efficacy was determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against MDR isolates: Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in murine fibroblast (L929) and bovine renal fibroblast (MDBK) cells using MTT, Neutral Red (NR), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and hemolytic activity (HA) assays. Lipid characterization revealed palmitic acid (63.62%) and oleic acid (21.01%) as major components. TGA indicated 88% mass loss, and DSC showed no amorphous/crystalline domains. LE showed favorable MIC values against S. aureus and CoNS (1.33 mg/mL) and against A. baumannii and E. coli (2 mg/mL), indicating moderate antibacterial activity typical of an unfractionated crude extract. MBC results indicated bacteriostatic activity (1–8 mg/mL). The extract was cytotoxic to L929 and MDBK cells at concentrations close to its MIC (IC₅₀ 0.25–1.95 mg/mL) but well tolerated by blood cells (HA IC₅₀ 4.705 mg/mL). U. ohnoi LE extends, rather than establishes, the previously reported antibacterial potential of Ulva lipids through comprehensive chemical characterization and MDR-isolate evaluation. However, low selectivity indices (SI < 10) indicate that the LE does not yet present an adequate therapeutic window, reinforcing the need for bioassay-guided purification. Nevertheless, it is a starting point for developing new antibacterial agents.

Graphical Abstract

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水藻脂质提取物：化学特性，抗菌潜力，以及在寻找抗耐多药感染新药中的细胞毒性

抗微生物药物耐药性是一个严重的全球问题。本研究探讨了枸杞脂质提取物（LE）的化学成分、抗菌活性和对多药耐药（MDR）微生物的细胞毒性。采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）、热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）对其进行表征。采用最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）测定对多药耐药菌株的抑菌效果：鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（con）。采用MTT、中性红（NR）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和溶血活性（HA）测定小鼠成纤维细胞（L929）和牛肾成纤维细胞（MDBK）细胞的细胞毒性。脂质特征显示棕榈酸（63.62%）和油酸（21.01%）是主要成分。TGA显示88%的质量损失，DSC显示无非晶/晶畴。LE对金黄色葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为1.33 mg/mL，对鲍曼杆菌和大肠杆菌的MIC值为2 mg/mL，表明其具有中等抑菌活性。MBC结果显示抑菌活性（1 ~ 8 mg/mL）。提取物对L929和MDBK细胞具有细胞毒性，浓度接近其MIC (IC₅₀0.25-1.95 mg/mL)，但对血细胞耐受性良好（HA IC50 4.705 mg/mL）。U. ohnoi LE通过全面的化学表征和耐多药分离物评估，扩展了而不是建立了先前报道的Ulva脂质的抗菌潜力。然而，低选择性指数（SI < 10）表明LE尚未提供足够的治疗窗口，这加强了对生物测定引导纯化的需求。然而，这是开发新型抗菌剂的一个起点。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Marine Biotechnology 工程技术-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Marine Biotechnology welcomes high-quality research papers presenting novel data on the biotechnology of aquatic organisms. The journal publishes high quality papers in the areas of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, cell biology, and biochemistry, and particularly encourages submissions of papers related to genome biology such as linkage mapping, large-scale gene discoveries, QTL analysis, physical mapping, and comparative and functional genome analysis. Papers on technological development and marine natural products should demonstrate innovation and novel applications.