Glycine-functionalized zero-valent iron nanoparticles: effect of glycine concentration on physicochemical properties

IF 3.5 4区材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Nanoparticle Research Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI:10.1007/s11051-026-06787-8

Azury Nava Guzmán, Enrique Sánchez Mora, Anabel Romero López, Mary Carmen Amador Meléndez

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Abstract

This study investigated the effect of glycine concentration on the physicochemical properties of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NPs-Fe) synthesized by chemical reduction. XRD results showed that Fe⁰ with a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure remained the predominant crystalline phase after functionalization, while the crystallite size decreased progressively from 9.55 to 5.54 nm as the glycine concentration increased. In contrast, SEM analysis showed an increase in the average particle diameter from 58.95 ± 12.80 nm for NPs -Fe to 75.51 ± 18.30, 83.36 ± 27.60, and 83.79 ± 29.50 nm for NPs-FeG1, NPs-FeG2, and NPs-FeG3, respectively. Chain-like structures were observed in all samples; their formation may be associated with dipole–dipole magnetic interactions and surface interactions between the nanoparticles. The FTIR results were consistent with the interaction of glycine with the surface of the NPs-Fe and with the presence of surface species of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The effect of glycine on the zeta potential depended on its concentration; NPs-Fe-G1 exhibited the highest absolute value, while higher concentrations did not produce any further improvement in colloidal stability. TGA/DSC thermogravimetric analyses showed that glycine modifies the thermal behavior of the nanoparticles, while Raman analysis of the thermally treated residues revealed the presence of iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide species. Overall, the results show that the glycine concentration influences the growth of crystallites, particle size and morphology, surface characteristics, colloidal behavior, and thermal response, without altering the BCC structure of Fe⁰. These results contribute to our understanding of the effect of glycine as a surface modifier of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and provide a foundation for further studies in areas such as environmental remediation, catalysis, detection, and biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract

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甘氨酸功能化零价铁纳米颗粒：甘氨酸浓度对物理化学性质的影响

研究了甘氨酸浓度对化学还原法制备的零价铁纳米颗粒（NPs-Fe）理化性质的影响。XRD结果表明，功能化后的主要晶相为具有体心立方（BCC）结构的Fe⁰，而随着甘氨酸浓度的增加，晶粒尺寸从9.55 nm逐渐减小到5.54 nm。SEM分析显示，NPs-Fe的平均粒径从58.95±12.80 nm增加到75.51±18.30 nm, NPs- feg1， NPs- feg2和NPs- feg3的平均粒径分别为83.36±27.60 nm和83.79±29.50 nm。在所有样品中均观察到链状结构；它们的形成可能与纳米粒子之间的偶极-偶极磁相互作用和表面相互作用有关。FTIR结果与甘氨酸与NPs-Fe表面的相互作用以及铁氧化物和氢氧化物表面的存在相一致。甘氨酸对zeta电位的影响取决于其浓度；NPs-Fe-G1的绝对值最高，但浓度越高，胶体稳定性越差。TGA/DSC热重分析表明，甘氨酸改变了纳米颗粒的热行为，而拉曼分析显示，热处理残留物中存在氧化铁和氢氧化铁。总体而言，结果表明甘氨酸浓度会影响晶体的生长、颗粒大小和形态、表面特征、胶体行为和热响应，而不会改变Fe⁰的BCC结构。这些结果有助于我们理解甘氨酸作为零价铁纳米颗粒表面改性剂的作用，并为在环境修复、催化、检测和生物医学应用等领域的进一步研究提供基础。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Nanoparticle Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size. Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology. The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.