Epidemiological Characteristics of Venous Thromboembolism and Associated Indicators for Catheter-Related Thrombosis Subtypes.

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe and life-threatening complication in hospitalized patients, and central venous catheter (CVC) insertion significantly increases the risk of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). Epidemiological profiles of hospitalized patients with confirmed VTE are characterized; indicators correlated with CRT subtype are identified; the discriminative performance of circulating biomarkers is evaluated; and VTE recurrence metrics are contrasted between cohorts with and without CVC placement. A single-center retrospective case-case comparative analysis is conducted on 862 patients with imaging-confirmed VTE. Analytical methodologies incorporate univariate and multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve testing. The in-hospital VTE incidence was 2.1%, concentrated in elderly, malignancy, and postoperative patients. CRT incidence was 10.2%, highest with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Five clinical indicators correlated with CRT subtype were identified: prolonged catheter indwelling, catheter malposition, elevated D-dimer levels, malignant tumor history, and prior VTE events. The combination of D-dimer and catheter indwelling time exhibited robust discriminative power (AUC = 0.82) for differentiating CRT from non-CRT VTE among patients with confirmed VTE. The 6-month VTE recurrence rate was 28.4% in the CVC group and 9.7% in the non-CVC group. These observational findings yield only tentative clinical hypotheses aimed at distinguishing thrombotic subtypes among VTE patients. Further multicenter prospective research is necessary to validate these indicators and develop mature, standardized prevention protocols for broad clinical application.