Challenges in Menstrual Hygiene Management Faced by Women with Serious Mental Illness: A Descriptive Phenomenological Qualitative Study.

Abstract

Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is essential to women's health and well-being. Women with serious mental illnesses face challenges in self-care, including MHM, due to impairments in cognition, emotional regulation, and functioning. This is further aggravated by stigma and lack of support. This study aims to explore the challenges and experiences of women with serious mental illnesses in MHM.

Methods: We used a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with women with serious mental illnesses and their caregivers using a purposive, maximum variation sampling method. Twenty-five interviews were conducted with 12 women and 13 caregivers until thematic saturation was achieved. The data obtained were transcribed, translated, and coded. Systematic text condensation was used to identify key experiences and cultural practices.

Results: The results are organized into three major themes: The experience of menarche, the current experience of menstruation, and socio-cultural influences on menstrual practices.

Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing menstrual health as integral to daily functioning and overall well-being. Understanding how the menstrual cycle affects mood, routine, and participation can help guide more person-centered assessment and therapy. This would enhance menstrual dignity, informed choice, and fair support for women living with serious mental illness. It is also important to explore cultural practices respectfully and identify those that may limit recovery or independence. This study highlights an overlooked issue relevant to clinical practice, policy, and future research.