Does a dedicated optimal power phase enhance performance outcomes in trained athletes? A comparison of periodized maximum strength and strength-power training.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of periodized maximum strength training and combined strength-power training regimens on maximal strength, vertical jump performance, and mechanical power output.

Methods: Eighty athletes (62 males, 18 females) from various sports were matched by baseline vertical jump height to four groups: maximum strength training (SQ), strength and power training (JS), isokinetic training (ISO), and a control group (CON). Over a 14-week period, SQ performed block-periodized back squat training, while JS performed jump squats at the individual's optimal power load in the final block. ISO followed an equivalent program using an isokinetic leg press. Pre- and post-tests assessed squat one-repetition maximum (1RM), jump performance (squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump), and mechanical power output in jump squats and isokinetic leg press tasks.

Results: Significant improvements in absolute and relative 1RM were observed for SQ and JS (p < 0.01), whereas CON showed significant decreases (p < 0.01) and ISO demonstrated no change. Vertical jump height increased significantly only in SQ (p < 0.01). Reactive strength improved in JS at 20-30 cm drop heights (p < 0.05). Mechanical power increased significantly for JS at 40-80% 1RM loads, while ISO showed no meaningful adaptations.

Conclusion: Both maximum strength and combined strength-power regimens elicited improvements in maximal strength and selected power measures, while isokinetic training was less effective. The findings suggest that, over a prolonged period, no statistically detectable superiority of either complete program can be established.