Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu, Angela Serra, Seung-Geun Park, Ishita Virmani, Aline Maria Zigiotto de Medeiros, Ariadna Acedo-Terrades, Fotini Nikiforou, Achilleas Karakoltzidis, Seong-Kwan Kim, Hyeonsoo Eom, Martin Himly, Dimitris G. Mintis, Vasileios Minadakis, Dimitra-Danai Varsou, Spyros Karakitsios, Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis, Giusy del Giudice, Marcella Torres Maia, Michele Fratello, Anastasios G. Papadiamantis, Panagiotis Isigonis, Anna Pohl, Sang Hee Lee, Byung-Tae Lee, Yang-won Suh, Candida Lorusso, Francesco Dondero, Steffi Friedrichs, Antreas Afantitis, Haralambos Sarimveis, Eva-Kathrin Schillinger, Peter Wick, Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez, Iseult Lynch, Thomas E. Exner, Tommaso Serchi, Tae Hyun Yoon, Dario Greco
{"title":"Safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) for nanotechnology: scientific foundations, global policy perspectives, and industrial practice","authors":"Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu, Angela Serra, Seung-Geun Park, Ishita Virmani, Aline Maria Zigiotto de Medeiros, Ariadna Acedo-Terrades, Fotini Nikiforou, Achilleas Karakoltzidis, Seong-Kwan Kim, Hyeonsoo Eom, Martin Himly, Dimitris G. Mintis, Vasileios Minadakis, Dimitra-Danai Varsou, Spyros Karakitsios, Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis, Giusy del Giudice, Marcella Torres Maia, Michele Fratello, Anastasios G. Papadiamantis, Panagiotis Isigonis, Anna Pohl, Sang Hee Lee, Byung-Tae Lee, Yang-won Suh, Candida Lorusso, Francesco Dondero, Steffi Friedrichs, Antreas Afantitis, Haralambos Sarimveis, Eva-Kathrin Schillinger, Peter Wick, Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez, Iseult Lynch, Thomas E. Exner, Tommaso Serchi, Tae Hyun Yoon, Dario Greco","doi":"10.1186/s40580-026-00583-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) is emerging as a transformative framework for integrating safety and sustainability with functionality in nanotechnology. This review provides a unified perspective on SSbD, bridging its scientific foundations, global policy developments, and industrial implementation. We highlight how advances in mechanistic understanding of nanomaterial–biological interactions enable earlier and more predictive safety assessment, supporting informed material design. At the policy level, evolving regulatory and governance approaches across regions are shaping the integration of sustainability and safety requirements. From an industrial perspective, SSbD is driving innovation in material substitution, process optimization, and lifecycle-oriented design. Despite this progress, challenges remain in standardization, data integration, and alignment between regulatory frameworks and industrial practice. This work positions SSbD as a central paradigm for enabling responsible innovation and accelerating the transition toward safer and more sustainable nanotechnologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":712,"journal":{"name":"Nano Convergence","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40580-026-00583-9.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nano Convergence","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40580-026-00583-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) is emerging as a transformative framework for integrating safety and sustainability with functionality in nanotechnology. This review provides a unified perspective on SSbD, bridging its scientific foundations, global policy developments, and industrial implementation. We highlight how advances in mechanistic understanding of nanomaterial–biological interactions enable earlier and more predictive safety assessment, supporting informed material design. At the policy level, evolving regulatory and governance approaches across regions are shaping the integration of sustainability and safety requirements. From an industrial perspective, SSbD is driving innovation in material substitution, process optimization, and lifecycle-oriented design. Despite this progress, challenges remain in standardization, data integration, and alignment between regulatory frameworks and industrial practice. This work positions SSbD as a central paradigm for enabling responsible innovation and accelerating the transition toward safer and more sustainable nanotechnologies.
期刊介绍：
Nano Convergence is an internationally recognized, peer-reviewed, and interdisciplinary journal designed to foster effective communication among scientists spanning diverse research areas closely aligned with nanoscience and nanotechnology. Dedicated to encouraging the convergence of technologies across the nano- to microscopic scale, the journal aims to unveil novel scientific domains and cultivate fresh research prospects.
Operating on a single-blind peer-review system, Nano Convergence ensures transparency in the review process, with reviewers cognizant of authors' names and affiliations while maintaining anonymity in the feedback provided to authors.
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