Post-Processing Strategies for Laser-Scribed Grooves in Perovskite Solar Modules: Mechanisms, Trade-Offs, and Engineering Guidelines.

Abstract

Monolithic integration is widely regarded as a practical pathway toward scalable perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Despite substantial progress in understanding and mitigating laser-scribing-induced damage, laser-scribed groove regions remain important localized sources of performance loss and degradation that can affect module efficiency, reproducibility, and long-term stability. While a growing number of studies have reported various post-processing approaches for laser-scribed grooves, the field still lacks an engineering-oriented framework connecting laser-induced damage mechanisms with practical module-level mitigation strategies. In this review, we specifically focus on laser-scribed grooves as functionally dominant degradation zones, rather than treating them as minor processing defects. We introduce an engineering-oriented damage cascade framework to describe how laser-induced thermal disorder, defect generation, structural disruption, and transport processes are hierarchically coupled. Based on this perspective, existing post-processing strategies for grooves are systematically classified according to the stages of the damage cascade they primarily address. This enables a mechanism-guided evaluation of their effectiveness, trade-offs, and scalability.