Manganese-Loaded Ca-MOF for Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Suppressing Metastasis in Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Strategies that induce tumor cell death have been extensively researched. In contrast, approaches that simultaneously suppress metastasis remain overlooked. The role of tumor-associated microbiota in promoting metastasis has been well recognized. Herein, a calcium-based MOF was synthesized using the drug norfloxacin (HNor) as the organic ligand. Mn@Ca–Nor was obtained by loading manganese ions into Ca–Nor to enhance its anticancer efficacy. The materials induced intracellular calcium accumulation, disrupting calcium homeostasis and leading to cell death through calcium overload. At the same time, manganese ions induced immune cells to secrete TNF-α and IFN-γ, which contributed to the immunotherapy effect. The introduction of Mn ions enabled Mn@Ca–Nor to efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to tumor cell death and enabling chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Furthermore, it exhibited potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, thereby effectively suppressing cancer cell migration. Mn@Ca–Nor induced tumor cell death through calcium overload, CDT, and immunotherapy. It also inhibited tumor cell migration through its antibacterial effect. The calcium-based MOF revealed promising applications in the field of tumor treatment.