Effective Strategy to Analyze the Performance of Perovskite Solar Modules

Abstract

As a third-generation photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved record-breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCEs > 27%) alongside industrial-grade operational stability, yet their commercialization hinges on resolving scale-up bottlenecks in perovskite solar module (PSM) fabrication. This study pioneers a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to evaluate eight industrial PSM designs by quantifying manufacturing inputs (device costs and process steps) against performance outputs (PCE, degradation resistance). Results identify Pareto-optimal candidates (DMUs with CTE = 1) that simultaneously achieve < 5¢ W⁻¹ production costs and roll-to-roll process compatibility, directly aligning with US DOE's photovoltaic cost roadmaps. By bridging materials innovation and high-throughput manufacturing metrics, this work establishes actionable guidelines to accelerate GW-year⁻¹ deployment of PSMs while maintaining stoichiometric adaptability.