Grid Independence Study and a Finite Difference Collocation Approach for Magnetized CeO2-Ti3C2/H2O Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over an Inclined Spinning Disk With Newtonian Heating

Abstract

This work examines magnetohydrodynamic (CeO₂, Ti₃C₂/H₂O) hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow on an inclined revolving disk with effects of Newtonian heating. HNF is obtained by suspending the nanoparticles (NPs) of CeO₂ and Ti₃C₂ in water (H₂O). The flow is affected by mixed convection, Joule heating, nonlinear thermally radiative and dissipative effects along with Thompson and Troian slip (TTS) conditions. Newtonian heating convective conditions are also used at the boundary of the flow system. The main equations have been converted to dimensionless form and have been solved through the use of a finite difference collocation approach. It has been deduced that the skin friction drops by up to 72.2473%, 61.7517% and 25.9447%, 33.3861% by varying the magnetic factor from 1.0 to 3.0 and the wall slip factor from 0.1 to 0.9 in the case of nanofluid and HNF, respectively. The energy transfer rate of both Ti₃C₂/H₂O nanofluid and CeO₂-Ti₃C₂/H₂O HNF remarkable boost by up to 21.1589%, 38.8579% and 27.9553%, 39.4998% by varying the Newtonian heating factor from 1.0 to 3.0 and NPs volume friction from 0.01 to 0.03, respectively. For varying values of the magnetic parameter from 1.0 to 3.0, the streamline pattern shows a gradual transformation from widely separated and strongly curved shapes to denser streamlines oriented in a more straightened form along the flow. It has clearly been seen from the error analysis that the total numerical residual errors fall in the range between 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁴ across the entire physical domain. The results of the current work are closely associated with established work in the literature that reveals the authenticity of the current work.