Synthesis and Characterization of a Peptide‑based Nanofilter Derived from Dairy Waste for COD and BOD Removal from Dairy Wastewater

IF 3.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI:10.1007/s11270-026-10034-0

Saeedeh Rastgar, Parichehr Hanachi, Tony R. Walker

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Abstract

Organic-rich industrial wastewater is an important source of environmental pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are the main parameters used to evaluate organic contamination. This study reports the preparation of a biobased nanostructured hybrid filter using peptides recovered from dairy sludge, a low-cost waste-derived precursor. This developed filter differs from other bio-based filters derived from waste biomaterials reported previously and offers a combination of (i) simultaneous valorization of dairy waste, (ii) retention of proteinaceous and mineral-rich characteristics of sludge and (iii) tunability of surface chemistry through peptide self-assembly, contributing to high removal performance and reusability. Produced filters were characterized using FESEM, EDX mapping, FTIR, XRD, BET surface area analysis and TGA/DTG. Results showed a porous structure with a surface area of 52.386 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.1497 cm³/g and an average pore diameter of 11.43 nm. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in Design-Expert software. The optimal conditions were found to be pH 6.5, a nanofilter dosage of 300 mg/L, an initial concentration of 67.5 mg/L and a 35 min. contact time, achieving removal efficiencies of 98.21% for COD and 97.82% for BOD, with R² values of 0.9525 and 0.9555, respectively. The recovery trials showed that the nanofilter retained COD and BOD removal efficiencies of 89.4% and 88.5%, respectively, after five consecutive regeneration cycles. Overall, results indicate that dairy sludge-derived peptides have potential as a low-cost and waste-derived precursor for nanostructured filters for organic pollutant removal from dairy wastewater.

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乳品废弃物多肽基纳米过滤器的合成与表征及其对乳品废水中COD和BOD的去除

富有机物工业废水是环境污染的重要来源。生化需氧量（BOD）和化学需氧量（COD）是评价有机污染的主要参数。本研究报告了利用从乳制品污泥中回收的肽制备生物基纳米结构混合过滤器，这是一种低成本的废物衍生前体。该开发的过滤器不同于先前报道的其他来自废弃生物材料的生物基过滤器，它提供了以下功能的组合：(i)乳制品废物的同时价值化，（ii）保留污泥的蛋白质和富含矿物质的特性，以及（iii）通过肽自组装的表面化学可调性，有助于高去除性能和可重复使用。采用FESEM、EDX图谱、FTIR、XRD、BET表面积分析和TGA/DTG对所制备的滤材进行了表征。结果表明，该材料的孔结构表面积为52.386 m2/g，总孔体积为0.1497 cm3/g，平均孔径为11.43 nm。在Design-Expert软件中采用响应面法（RSM）对工艺进行优化。最佳条件为pH 6.5、纳滤投加量300 mg/L、初始浓度67.5 mg/L、接触时间35 min， COD去除率为98.21%，BOD去除率为97.82%，R2分别为0.9525和0.9555。回收试验表明，经过5个连续再生循环后，纳米过滤器的COD和BOD去除率分别为89.4%和88.5%。总的来说，研究结果表明，乳污泥衍生肽有潜力作为一种低成本的废物衍生前体，用于去除乳废水中的有机污染物的纳米结构过滤器。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.