Microwave-Driven Green Extraction of Flower-Based Dyes from Mandevilla sanderi (Flowers and Corolla Tubes) and Musa acuminata (Flowers and Reduced Ovaries) for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

IF 2.8 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Journal of Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI:10.1007/s11664-026-13117-0

D. Karuppasamy, V. Chithambaram, B. Janarthanan, Mohammed A. H. Ali, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Khalaf

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Abstract

Microwave-assisted dye extraction was carried out to extract the dyes from the flower petals and corolla tubes of Mandevilla sanderi and the flowers and reduced ovaries of Musa acuminata. Ethanolic extraction of the dye solution was undertaken with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–visible, and photoluminescence analysis for the determination of functional groups and absorption and emission wavelengths. Using Tauc plots, bandgaps of 3.15 eV and 3.26 eV were obtained for the dyes from the flower petals and corolla tubes of M. sanderi and 3.34 eV and 3.10 eV for the flowers and reduced ovaries of M. acuminata. The interaction of the major phytochemical constituents of cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(xylosyl)-galactoside], quercetin, and kaempferol and cyanidin-3-rutinoside was analyzed. The emission spectrum revealed the rate of recombination of the samples with respect to the intensity of emission peaks. Among the four samples, dye extracted from the flower petals of M. sanderi showed good absorption intensity for the generation of excitons and charge transfer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with Nyquist plots was conducted for the four solar cells and showed that the cell with dye from M. sanderi flower petals demonstrated low series resistance (R_s) and recombination resistance (R_rec) of 132.87 Ω and 204.84 Ω. Among the fabricated solar cells, the solar cell with the photosensitizer derived from the M. sanderi flower petals achieved maximum efficiency of 1.06%, with a fill factor of 0.46, short-circuit current density of 3.68 mA/cm², and open-circuit voltage of 0.62 V.

Graphical Abstract

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微波驱动绿色提取山曼德拉（花和花冠管）和木沙（花和缩小子房）中染料染料染料敏化太阳能电池

采用微波辅助染料提取法，对山柑花瓣、花冠管和沙草花、缩子房的染料进行了提取。用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、紫外可见和光致发光分析对染料溶液进行乙醇提取，以确定官能团、吸收和发射波长。利用Tauc法测定，山茱萸花瓣和花冠筒的染料带隙分别为3.15 eV和3.26 eV，刺荆花和缩子房的染料带隙分别为3.34 eV和3.10 eV。分析了花青素3-O-[2-O-（木糖基）-半乳糖苷]、槲皮素、山奈酚和花青素-3-芦丁苷等主要植物化学成分的相互作用。发射光谱显示了样品的复合率与发射峰强度的关系。在4个样品中，从牡丹花瓣中提取的染料对激子的产生和电荷转移具有良好的吸收强度。利用Nyquist图对4种太阳能电池进行了电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析，结果表明，以山檀花花瓣为染料的电池具有较低的串联电阻（Rs）和复合电阻（Rrec），分别为132.87 Ω和204.84 Ω。在制备的太阳能电池中，以山参花花瓣为光敏剂的太阳能电池效率最高，为1.06%，填充系数为0.46，短路电流密度为3.68 mA/cm2，开路电压为0.62 V。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Electronic Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

693

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications. Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field. A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.