Self-Heating Performance of Graphene Sensors for De-Icing and De-Snowing in Photovoltaics

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly deployed in cold and harsh environments, where snow and ice accumulation significantly affect both energy production and the structural integrity of the installations. This study presents an experimental investigation of the thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-based nanocomposite sensors, with particular emphasis on their self-heating performance, thereby establishing the basis for their future integration into energy-efficient sensor–heater systems. These nanocomposite materials, manufactured through scalable industrial processes, have been previously characterized for their sensing capabilities, and their electrothermal properties demonstrate their potential for heating applications. The experimental results reveal rapid thermal response times and substantial temperature increases, highlighting the potential of these materials as an efficient, compact, and cost-effective solution for mitigating snow and ice accumulation in PV systems. Finally, a model correlating the target temperature with the applied drive current was developed, an economical evaluation framework was established, and a preliminary integration strategy for the implementation of these materials within PV systems was outlined.