We Must Recognize Indigenous Temporalities in Our Dash to Reach the Global Biodiversity Framework's “30 by 30”

Abstract

The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework calls for conserving 30% of lands and waters by 2030 while respecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Yet urgent timelines for recognizing other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) can constrain Indigenous Nations’ authority over whether, when, and on what terms recognition proceeds. We argue that equitable pursuit of Target 3 requires respect for Indigenous temporalities and temporal sovereignty. Drawing on scholarship and on work with Mistawasis Nêhiyawak and Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Canada's Redberry Lake Biosphere Region, we show that elapsed time is not failure or inaction. Elapsed time may reflect Indigenous Nations deliberating through Nation-authorized institutions, exercising free, prior, and informed consent, and agreeing on stewardship responsibilities. We propose four changes to OECM policy and practice so urgent conservation does not override Indigenous decision-making and governance authority.