The effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety, satisfaction, and treatment continuation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial.
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety, satisfaction, and treatment continuation among patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This prospective, two-arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted at the urology outpatient clinic of a university hospital between May 2025 and May 2026. A total of 50 patients undergoing ESWL for the first time were randomly assigned to the stress ball group (n=25) and the control group (n=25). Patients in the stress ball group were provided with a stress ball during the procedure in addition to routine care, whereas the control group received routine care only. Patients' pain intensity during and after the procedure, as well as satisfaction levels following the procedure, were assessed using a visual analog scale. Anxiety levels before and after the procedure were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State. Patients' continuation to ESWL sessions was recorded. Pain scores during (p=0.001) and after (p<0.001) ESWL were lower in the stress ball group than in the control group. Post-procedure anxiety scores were lower in the stress ball group (p=0.035), whereas satisfaction scores were higher (p=0.011). The rate of continuation to the third ESWL session was higher in the stress ball group (92% vs. 68%, p=0.034). This study found that the use of a stress ball during ESWL reduced patients' pain and anxiety levels while increasing satisfaction and continuation to subsequent ESWL sessions. As a simple, low-cost, and non-pharmacological intervention, stress ball use may improve patient comfort, tolerance of ESWL, and adherence to repeated treatment sessions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06846723, registered January 28, 2025.
期刊介绍：
Official Journal of the International Urolithiasis Society
The journal aims to publish original articles in the fields of clinical and experimental investigation only within the sphere of urolithiasis and its related areas of research. The journal covers all aspects of urolithiasis research including the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, clinical biochemistry, open and non-invasive surgical intervention, nephrological investigation, chemistry and prophylaxis of the disorder. The Editor welcomes contributions on topics of interest to urologists, nephrologists, radiologists, clinical biochemists, epidemiologists, nutritionists, basic scientists and nurses working in that field.
Contributions may be submitted as full-length articles or as rapid communications in the form of Letters to the Editor. Articles should be original and should contain important new findings from carefully conducted studies designed to produce statistically significant data. Please note that we no longer publish articles classified as Case Reports. Editorials and review articles may be published by invitation from the Editorial Board. All submissions are peer-reviewed. Through an electronic system for the submission and review of manuscripts, the Editor and Associate Editors aim to make publication accessible as quickly as possible to a large number of readers throughout the world.
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