Methodical design, development, and evaluation of transferosomal transdermal films for enhanced delivery of lornoxicam and thiocolchicoside.

IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Therapeutic delivery Pub Date : 2026-10-10 DOI:10.1080/20415990.2026.2742634

Gopinath Subramaniyan, Shaik Rubina, Bachu Venkata Ramana, Meriton Stanley A, Devasena Srinivasan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim: The present work aimed to enhance systemic availability through optimized transferosomal transdermal films of lornoxicam (LXM) and thiocolchicoside (TCS). Transferosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, in which LXM and TCS, which have low oral bioavailability and adverse effects, were loaded.

Methods: A Box-Behnken design was used to develop 17 vesicles in which dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (X₁), Span-80 (X₂), and sonication time (X₃) were varied and assessed for size, polydispersity index , and entrapment efficiency. The best vesicles were made into films. Films were extensively tested for physical, in vivo, and in vitro permeation, and skin irritancy characteristics.

Results: The findings revealed vesicle sizes of 124 ± 2.25 to 400 ± 1.55 nm and a zeta potential of -48 to -20 mV. The drug entrapment was more than 80% for both drugs. In vitro and ex vivo permeation showed that the deformable vesicle film permeated much better than plain LXM and TCS films, and the permeation was directly proportional to the Aloe vera leaf mucilage (AVLM) and lime oil (LO) concentration. Also, the deformable vesicle films were reported to be devoid of skin irritation.

Conclusion: The research finds that deformable vesicle films of LXM/ TCS are promising for effective transdermal delivery.

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有系统地设计、开发和评估转移体透皮膜，以增强氯诺昔康和硫代秋芥子苷的递送。

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来源期刊

Therapeutic delivery PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Delivering therapeutics in a way that is right for the patient - safe, painless, reliable, targeted, efficient and cost effective - is the fundamental aim of scientists working in this area. Correspondingly, this evolving field has already yielded a diversity of delivery methods, including injectors, controlled release formulations, drug eluting implants and transdermal patches. Rapid technological advances and the desire to improve the efficacy and safety profile of existing medications by specific targeting to the site of action, combined with the drive to improve patient compliance, continue to fuel rapid research progress. Furthermore, the emergence of cell-based therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, peptides and nucleotides presents scientists with new and exciting challenges for the application of therapeutic delivery science and technology. Successful delivery strategies increasingly rely upon collaboration across a diversity of fields, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology, physiology, materials science and engineering. Therapeutic Delivery recognizes the importance of this diverse research platform and encourages the publication of articles that reflect the highly interdisciplinary nature of the field. In a highly competitive industry, Therapeutic Delivery provides the busy researcher with a forum for the rapid publication of original research and critical reviews of all the latest relevant and significant developments, and focuses on how the technological, pharmacological, clinical and physiological aspects come together to successfully deliver modern therapeutics to patients. The journal delivers this essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats that are readily accessible to the full spectrum of therapeutic delivery researchers.