Formamidinium-Solvent Intermediates Mediate Self-Seeding Crystallization for Efficient Inverted α-FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

ACS Energy Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-10 DOI:10.1021/acsenergylett.6c01690

Yezhi Li,Shuyuan Wan,Yang Yang,Fengyuan Li,Xu Xiao,Haoze Lu,Zihao Fan,Zhiyuan Dai,Yaqian Zhou,Yerzhan Mukhametkarimov,Ruihao Chen,Hongqiang Wang

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Abstract

Abstract Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites are promising for high-performance solar cells; however, the low surface energy of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) impedes α-phase nucleation in inverted devices. Here, we report a formamidinium (FA)-solvent intermediate-mediated self-seeding crystallization strategy to enable quality α-phase FAPbI3. By employing N-formylmorpholine (NFM) as a non-toxic solvent, (FA···NFM)PbI3 intermediates are formed, thereby lowering the phase-transition barrier and promoting the spontaneous formation of α-phase nuclei at the early stage of crystallization. These preformed nuclei serve as intrinsic seeds, facilitating rapid nucleation and orientated crystal growth. Consequently, NFM-based devices achieve efficiencies of 26.41% and 26.56% using 2-methoxyethanol (2-Me) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as primary solvents, respectively, with a 1 cm2 device reaching 25.47%. The unencapsulated devices retain 85% and 90% of their initial efficiencies after 1200 h illumination and 1400 h thermal aging at 85 °C, respectively.

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甲脒-溶剂中间体介导高效倒置α-FAPbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池的自播种结晶

碘化甲醛铅（FAPbI3）钙钛矿是高性能太阳能电池的理想材料；然而，自组装单层（SAMs）的低表面能阻碍了倒置器件中α-相的成核。在这里，我们报道了一种甲脒（FA）溶剂中间体介导的自播种结晶策略，以获得高质量的α相FAPbI3。利用n-甲酰啉（NFM）作为无毒溶剂，形成（FA···NFM）PbI3中间体，从而降低了相变势垒，促进了结晶初期α-相核的自发形成。这些预先形成的核作为内在的种子，促进快速成核和取向晶体生长。因此，使用2-甲氧基乙醇（2-Me）和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）作为主要溶剂，基于nfm的装置分别实现了26.41%和26.56%的效率，1 cm2的装置达到25.47%。经过1200 h光照和1400 h 85°C热老化后，未封装的器件分别保持了85%和90%的初始效率。

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来源期刊

ACS Energy Letters Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

31.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

469

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： ACS Energy Letters is a monthly journal that publishes papers reporting new scientific advances in energy research. The journal focuses on topics that are of interest to scientists working in the fundamental and applied sciences. Rapid publication is a central criterion for acceptance, and the journal is known for its quick publication times, with an average of 4-6 weeks from submission to web publication in As Soon As Publishable format. ACS Energy Letters is ranked as the number one journal in the Web of Science Electrochemistry category. It also ranks within the top 10 journals for Physical Chemistry, Energy & Fuels, and Nanoscience & Nanotechnology. The journal offers several types of articles, including Letters, Energy Express, Perspectives, Reviews, Editorials, Viewpoints and Energy Focus. Additionally, authors have the option to submit videos that summarize or support the information presented in a Perspective or Review article, which can be highlighted on the journal's website. ACS Energy Letters is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service/SciFinder, EBSCO-summon, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Portico.