Inverse Association of the Prognostic Nutritional Index With Gallstone Prevalence Among U.S. Adults

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

International Journal of Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI:10.1155/ijcp/2529736

Kaizhi Xu, Zufa Zhang, Huqiang Dong, Afang Zuo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Gallstones are common and have been associated with nutritional and immune status. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) reflects both nutritional and immune-related conditions, but its association with gallstones remains unclear. This study examined this association in U.S. adults.

Methods

This study analyzed data from 5060 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with a mHean age of 48.62 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between PNI and gallstones. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to assess potential nonlinearity. Robustness was evaluated using subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and a sensitivity model with additional adjustment for fatty liver.

Results

The prevalence of gallstones was 11.36%. In the fully adjusted model, each 1-unit increase in PNI was associated with 2% lower odds of gallstones (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–0.99, p = 0.0185). Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had lower odds of gallstones (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95, p = 0.0194). RCS analysis showed an overall association between PNI and gallstone prevalence (p for overall = 0.019), with no evidence of nonlinearity (p for nonlinearity = 0.165). After Bonferroni correction (α′ ≈ 0.0015), no subgroup association remained statistically significant, and no significant interactions were detected.

Conclusion

An inverse association between PNI and gallstone prevalence remained after multivariable adjustment. PNI may serve as a potential complementary immunonutritional marker associated with gallstone prevalence.

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美国成年人预后营养指数与胆结石患病率的负相关

胆结石很常见，并且与营养和免疫状况有关。预后营养指数（PNI）反映营养和免疫相关状况，但其与胆结石的关系尚不清楚。这项研究调查了美国成年人的这种联系。方法分析全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）中5060人的资料，平均年龄48.62岁。采用多变量logistic回归评估PNI与胆结石之间的关系。限制三次样条（RCS）分析用于评估潜在的非线性。鲁棒性评估采用亚组分析、相互作用试验和对脂肪肝进行额外调整的敏感性模型。结果胆结石患病率为11.36%。在完全调整后的模型中，PNI每增加1个单位，胆结石发生率降低2%（优势比[OR] = 0.98, 95%可信区间[CI] 0.96-0.99, p = 0.0185）。与最低四分位数相比，最高四分位数的参与者患胆结石的几率较低（OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.95, p = 0.0194）。RCS分析显示PNI与胆结石患病率之间存在总体相关性（p = 0.019），无非线性证据（p = 0.165）。经Bonferroni校正（α′≈0.0015）后，亚组间的关联均无统计学意义，且未发现显著的相互作用。结论经多变量调整后，PNI与胆结石患病率呈负相关。PNI可作为与胆结石患病率相关的潜在补充免疫营养标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Clinical Practice 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

274

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： IJCP is a general medical journal. IJCP gives special priority to work that has international appeal. IJCP publishes: Editorials. IJCP Editorials are commissioned. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Perspectives. Most IJCP Perspectives are commissioned. Example. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Study design and interpretation. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Original data from clinical investigations. In particular: Primary research papers from RCTs, observational studies, epidemiological studies; pre-specified sub-analyses; pooled analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Meta-analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Systematic reviews. From October 2009, special priority will be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] Non-systematic/narrative reviews. From October 2009, reviews that are not systematic will be considered only if they include a discrete Methods section that must explicitly describe the authors'' approach. Special priority will, however, be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] ''How to…'' papers. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Consensus statements. [Always peer reviewed] Short reports. [Always peer reviewed] Letters. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] International scope IJCP publishes work from investigators globally. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the UK. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the USA or Canada. Around 45% of IJCP articles list an author from a European country that is not the UK. Around 15% of articles published in IJCP list an author from a country in the Asia-Pacific region.