Parvovirus B19 and inflammatory arthritis: from viral mimicry to infection-associated autoimmunity.

IF 4 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI:10.1080/1744666X.2026.2746700

Francesco Caso, Luisa Costa, Mario Cascone, Antonio Carleo, Francesco Maione, Giuliana Guggino, Roberto Giacomelli, Paola Cipriani, Federico Perosa, Piero Ruscitti

{"title":"Parvovirus B19 and inflammatory arthritis: from viral mimicry to infection-associated autoimmunity.","authors":"Francesco Caso, Luisa Costa, Mario Cascone, Antonio Carleo, Francesco Maione, Giuliana Guggino, Roberto Giacomelli, Paola Cipriani, Federico Perosa, Piero Ruscitti","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2026.2746700","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parvovirus B19 is a clinically important viral mimic of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, frequently presenting as an abrupt-onset inflammatory polyarthritis in adults. While typically self-limiting, B19V infection can induce transient autoantibodies, cytopenias, and phenotypes resembling rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. In specific contexts, it may also lead to persistent or atypical musculoskeletal manifestations.Areas covered: This narrative review summarizes the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnostic approach, and management of B19V-associated arthritis. Literature was identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and relevant reference lists from inception to 23 September 2026, using terms related to parvovirus B19, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity, synovitis, cytokines, PCR, serology, and intravenous immunoglobulin.Expert opinion: B19V-associated arthritis should be recognized as a time-sensitive clinicovirological diagnosis, not merely a diagnosis of exclusion. Advancing the field requires prospective outbreak-based cohort studies, standardized diagnostic criteria, and the integration of virological and immunological biomarkers to distinguish self-limiting infection from evolving autoimmune disease.","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2026.2746700","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Parvovirus B19 is a clinically important viral mimic of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, frequently presenting as an abrupt-onset inflammatory polyarthritis in adults. While typically self-limiting, B19V infection can induce transient autoantibodies, cytopenias, and phenotypes resembling rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. In specific contexts, it may also lead to persistent or atypical musculoskeletal manifestations.

Areas covered: This narrative review summarizes the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnostic approach, and management of B19V-associated arthritis. Literature was identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and relevant reference lists from inception to 23 September 2026, using terms related to parvovirus B19, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity, synovitis, cytokines, PCR, serology, and intravenous immunoglobulin.

Expert opinion: B19V-associated arthritis should be recognized as a time-sensitive clinicovirological diagnosis, not merely a diagnosis of exclusion. Advancing the field requires prospective outbreak-based cohort studies, standardized diagnostic criteria, and the integration of virological and immunological biomarkers to distinguish self-limiting infection from evolving autoimmune disease.

查看原文本刊更多论文

细小病毒B19与炎性关节炎：从病毒模仿到感染相关自身免疫。

B19细小病毒是一种临床上重要的全身性炎性风湿病病毒模拟物，在成人中经常表现为突发性炎性多关节炎。虽然通常是自限性的，但B19V感染可诱导短暂的自身抗体、细胞减少和类似类风湿关节炎或系统性红斑狼疮的表型。在特定情况下，它也可能导致持续或非典型的肌肉骨骼表现。涵盖领域：本文综述了b19v相关关节炎的流行病学、免疫发病机制、临床谱、诊断方法和治疗。通过PubMed/MEDLINE和相关参考文献列表检索自成立至2026年9月23日的文献，使用与细小病毒B19、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、自身免疫、滑膜炎、细胞因子、PCR、血清学和静脉免疫球蛋白相关的术语。专家意见：b19v相关性关节炎应被视为具有时代性的临床病毒学诊断，而不仅仅是排除诊断。推进这一领域需要前瞻性的基于疫情的队列研究，标准化的诊断标准，以及病毒学和免疫学生物标志物的整合，以区分自限性感染和发展中的自身免疫性疾病。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

2.30%

发文量

221

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (ISSN 1744-666X) provides expert analysis and commentary regarding the performance of new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in clinical immunology. Members of the International Editorial Advisory Panel of Expert Review of Clinical Immunology are the forefront of their area of expertise. This panel works with our dedicated editorial team to identify the most important and topical review themes and the corresponding expert(s) most appropriate to provide commentary and analysis. All articles are subject to rigorous peer-review, and the finished reviews provide an essential contribution to decision-making in clinical immunology. Articles focus on the following key areas: • Therapeutic overviews of specific immunologic disorders highlighting optimal therapy and prospects for new medicines • Performance and benefits of newly approved therapeutic agents • New diagnostic approaches • Screening and patient stratification • Pharmacoeconomic studies • New therapeutic indications for existing therapies • Adverse effects, occurrence and reduction • Prospects for medicines in late-stage trials approaching regulatory approval • Novel treatment strategies • Epidemiological studies • Commentary and comparison of treatment guidelines Topics include infection and immunity, inflammation, host defense mechanisms, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, anaphylaxis and allergy, systemic immune diseases, organ-specific inflammatory diseases, transplantation immunology, endocrinology and diabetes, cancer immunology, neuroimmunology and hematological diseases.