Spatial Distribution and Ecological Niche Modeling of Toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in Ruminants: Integrating Environmental Drivers with an ELISA-Based Toxinotyping Approach.
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: Enterotoxemia, caused by Clostridium perfringens, leads to high mortality in ruminants and significant economic losses. This study aimed to toxinotype C. perfringens using the Ag-ELISA method in suspected samples from the Central Black Sea Region and surrounding provinces, while statistically and ecologically evaluating the effects of regional abiotic factors on the spread of the disease.
Methods: Between 2021 and 2024, the Ag-ELISA test was applied to 741 intestinal content samples submitted from 11 provinces to the Samsun Veterinary Control Institute. Meteorological parameters and soil moisture index data derived from NASA satellites were utilized. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) based on the Negative Binomial distribution were used to determine the effects of variables, while Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was employed to model the ecological niche distribution and case concentrations based on mean temperature and soil moisture.
Results: C. perfringens and its toxins were detected in 297 (40.08%) of the samples. Toxinotyping revealed that Type A was the most prevalent strain (62.63%), followed by Type C (20.54%), Type D (13.80%), and Type B (3.03%). GLMM and KDE analyses demonstrated that soil moisture and temperature are the most influential risk factors. The KDE contour layers revealed that the cases exhibited a bimodal adaptive mechanism and specific ecological niche concentrations based on these abiotic variables.
Conclusions: C. perfringens Type A and Type C were identified as the dominant strains in the study area. Considering the bimodal adaptive mechanism and environmental niche concentrations demonstrated by KDE, selecting vaccines providing targeted protection against Types A and C is of critical importance for controlling enterotoxemia and optimizing strategic vaccination schedules in the region.
期刊介绍：
Anaerobe is essential reading for those who wish to remain at the forefront of discoveries relating to life processes of strictly anaerobes. The journal is multi-disciplinary, and provides a unique forum for those investigating anaerobic organisms that cause infections in humans and animals, as well as anaerobes that play roles in microbiomes or environmental processes.
Anaerobe publishes reviews, mini reviews, original research articles, notes and case reports. Relevant topics fall into the broad categories of anaerobes in human and animal diseases, anaerobes in the microbiome, anaerobes in the environment, diagnosis of anaerobes in clinical microbiology laboratories, molecular biology, genetics, pathogenesis, toxins and antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.
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