Divergent Strategies in Innate Immune Evasion: A Comparative Review of Three Alphaherpesvirus Subfamily Members—PRV, HSV-1, and VZV

IF 2.6 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI:10.1155/tbed/6236477

Enping Liu, Jiayi Xue, Mengting He, Yumei Chen, Chao Liang, Jingming Zhou, Aiping Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an important member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, shares high evolutionary homology with other members of the same subfamily, including human herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). However, significant differences exist among them in terms of host range, pathogenicity, and immune evasion strategies. This review systematically compares the roles of PRV, HSV type 1 (HSV-1), and VZV in modulating host innate immune responses, encompassing the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling, NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, apoptosis, and autophagy. By summarizing and comparing the interactions of these three viruses with the host innate immune response, this review aims to provide a theoretical reference for understanding the conserved and unique mechanisms of immune evasion among alphaherpesviruses, and to offer insights for the development of novel antiviral strategies.

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先天免疫逃避的不同策略：三个阿尔法疱疹病毒亚家族成员- prv， HSV-1和VZV的比较综述

伪狂犬病毒（PRV）是甲型疱疹病毒亚家族的重要成员，与人类单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）等其他亚家族成员具有高度的进化同源性。然而，它们在宿主范围、致病性和免疫逃避策略等方面存在显著差异。本文系统比较了PRV、HSV 1型（HSV-1）和VZV在调节宿主先天免疫应答中的作用，包括环GMP-AMP合成酶(cGAS)-干扰素基因刺激因子（STING）信号传导、rig - i样受体（RLR）信号传导、nod样受体（NLR）信号传导、toll样受体（TLR）信号传导、Janus激酶(JAK)-信号传导和转录激活因子（STAT）途径、细胞凋亡和自噬。本文通过对这三种病毒与宿主先天免疫应答的相互作用进行总结和比较，旨在为了解α疱疹病毒之间保守而独特的免疫逃避机制提供理论参考，并为开发新的抗病毒策略提供见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.