Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms of Montmorillonite-Infused Dextran/Kappa-Carrageenan Hydrogels for Toxic Dye Removal

IF 3.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2026-10-02 DOI:10.1007/s11270-026-10028-y

Komal Nandal, Rahul Rahul, Prince Preet Kaur, Akshita Solanki, Angel Bisla, Hemlata Chauhan, Rajeev Jindal

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Abstract

Dextran and kappa-carrageenan-based hydrogel materials were synthesized by incorporating montmorillonite and characterized using numerous characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques. The optimal synthesis conditions for achieving maximum swelling capacity included a power of 60 watts, a solvent volume of 4 mL, a pH of 9, a reaction stime of 22 s, a 3:1 DX: k-CG reactant ratio, and a montmorillonite concentration of 0.03 mol/L. The hydrogel materials were evaluated for their efficacy in adsorbing toxic dyes, specifically Methylene Blue and Malachite Green. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using numerous kinetic models, while adsorption isotherms were assessed to determine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption efficiencies for Methylene Blue and Malachite Green were 87.5% and 90.2%, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model demonstrated the best fit for adsorption, indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Isotherm analysis revealed that the Langmuir model provided the best fit, suggesting homogeneous adsorption and a monolayer adsorption mechanism dominated by physical interactions. The negative Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG) from 303 to 333 K confirmed the spontaneity of the adsorption process for both dyes. Overall, the synthesized hydrogel materials demonstrated excellent potential as green and sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment, offering an effective approach for the remediation of dye-contaminated effluents.

Graphical Abstract

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蒙脱石注入右旋糖酐/ kappa -卡拉胶水凝胶去除有毒染料的吸附动力学和等温线

通过添加蒙脱土合成了葡聚糖和kappa-卡拉胶基水凝胶材料，并使用多种表征技术进行了表征，包括场发射扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、能量色散x射线光谱、x射线衍射和热重技术。获得最大溶胀量的最佳合成条件为：功率60瓦，溶剂体积4 mL， pH = 9，反应时间22 s， DX: k-CG比3:1，蒙脱土浓度0.03 mol/L。对水凝胶材料吸附有毒染料，特别是亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿的效果进行了评价。采用多种动力学模型分析了吸附动力学，并评估了吸附等温线以确定吸附机理。对亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿的吸附效率分别为87.5%和90.2%。拟二级动力学模型最适合于吸附，表明化学吸附是限速步骤。等温线分析表明，Langmuir模型拟合最佳，表明吸附为均匀吸附，吸附机制以物理相互作用为主。从303到333 K的负吉布斯自由能变化（ΔG）证实了两种染料的吸附过程的自发性。综上所述，合成的水凝胶材料作为绿色、可持续的废水吸附剂具有良好的潜力，为染料污染废水的修复提供了有效的途径。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.