Wetting and Dust Suppression Regularity and Performance Verification of Modified Compound Foam Dust Suppressant

Abstract

The severe situation of coal dust disasters in mines creates an urgent demand for highly efficient wetting materials. The inherent deficiencies in the wetting performance of single-component foam dust suppressants limit their field dust suppression efficiency, and binary surfactant systems with intermolecular blending enhancement effects have become a core direction for breaking through this bottleneck and achieving efficient wetting and capture of coal dust. In this paper, four monomeric dust suppressants, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), alkyl polyglucoside 0810 (APG0810), and sodium α-olefin sulfonate (AOS), were selected. Their surface tension and coal dust mass settling rate were measured to evaluate wetting capability, with foaming performance as an auxiliary indicator. A unified baseline concentration was adopted for compounding and verification, and comparative tests under multiple operating conditions were conducted based on a self-built dust suppression platform. The results showed that the wetting performance ranked in descending order as: SDBS > SDS > APG0810 > AOS. The compound system of 0.1% SDBS and 0.1% APG0810 at a volume ratio of 2:1 exhibited the most pronounced blending enhancement effect, with a maximum foam dust suppression efficiency of 89.41%, a respirable dust (RD) suppression efficiency of 80.05%, and an average total dust suppression efficiency exceeding 90% in field applications. The system performed excellently in both laboratory and field tests. This study screened out the optimal compound system and validated its dust suppression performance, providing key experimental support for the development of highly efficient foam dust suppressants.