Jocelyn J M Marchiori, Andrea Sanchez, Hugues Beaufrère, William Hawker, Sonja Fonfara, Yu Gu, Alexander Valverde, Ron Johnson
{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of increasing doses of glycopyrrolate in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits.","authors":"Jocelyn J M Marchiori, Andrea Sanchez, Hugues Beaufrère, William Hawker, Sonja Fonfara, Yu Gu, Alexander Valverde, Ron Johnson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0187","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the cardiovascular effects of 3 increasing doses of glycopyrrolate in healthy rabbits anesthetized with isoflurane.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>9 healthy 1-year-old female New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane and received increasing doses of glycopyrrolate at low dose (LD; 0.025 mg/kg), medium dose (MD; 0.05 mg/kg), and high dose (HD; 0.1 mg/kg) IV. Heart rate was recorded at baseline and 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after administration of each dose. An arterial blood sample was collected to measure plasma glycopyrrolate concentrations at baseline and 3 and 30 minutes after administration of each dose. Analysis of plasma glycopyrrolate concentrations was performed using LC-MS-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HD led to a significantly higher heart rate δ value than LD and MD only at 3 minutes (all P < .003). The HD caused significantly higher systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure δ values at 3, 5, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) and diastolic arterial pressure at 3, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) than LD. The MD caused a significantly higher diastolic arterial pressure δ value at 20 and 30 minutes (P < .05) and mean arterial pressure at 5, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) than LD. The mean plasma concentration that elicited a significant increase in heart rate was 62 ± 16.11 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A brief increase (< 5 minutes) in HR in nonbradycardic rabbits was observed with 0.1 mg/kg of glycopyrrolate during isoflurane anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Even at HDs, clinical effects of glycopyrrolate in rabbits appear very short lived.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.26.04.0187","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/11/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Print","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the cardiovascular effects of 3 increasing doses of glycopyrrolate in healthy rabbits anesthetized with isoflurane.
Methods: 9 healthy 1-year-old female New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane and received increasing doses of glycopyrrolate at low dose (LD; 0.025 mg/kg), medium dose (MD; 0.05 mg/kg), and high dose (HD; 0.1 mg/kg) IV. Heart rate was recorded at baseline and 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after administration of each dose. An arterial blood sample was collected to measure plasma glycopyrrolate concentrations at baseline and 3 and 30 minutes after administration of each dose. Analysis of plasma glycopyrrolate concentrations was performed using LC-MS-MS.
Results: The HD led to a significantly higher heart rate δ value than LD and MD only at 3 minutes (all P < .003). The HD caused significantly higher systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure δ values at 3, 5, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) and diastolic arterial pressure at 3, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) than LD. The MD caused a significantly higher diastolic arterial pressure δ value at 20 and 30 minutes (P < .05) and mean arterial pressure at 5, 20, and 30 minutes (P < .05) than LD. The mean plasma concentration that elicited a significant increase in heart rate was 62 ± 16.11 ng/mL.
Conclusions: A brief increase (< 5 minutes) in HR in nonbradycardic rabbits was observed with 0.1 mg/kg of glycopyrrolate during isoflurane anesthesia.
Clinical relevance: Even at HDs, clinical effects of glycopyrrolate in rabbits appear very short lived.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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