{"title":"Integrated Geological Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs: A Techno-Economic Assessment","authors":"Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, Abdollah Hajizadeh, Dru Heagle","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03367","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen storage is essential for the global transition\r\nto clean\r\nand sustainable energy, as it can balance variable renewable power,\r\nimprove energy security, and support a reliable hydrogen supply. Among\r\nlarge-scale storage options, underground hydrogen storage in depleted\r\ngas reservoirs is a promising solution due to its high capacity and\r\nthe potential to leverage existing infrastructure. In this study,\r\nan integrated subsurface–surface techno-economic framework\r\nwas developed for the Dawn Hub depleted gas reservoir in Ontario,\r\nCanada. The framework models hydrogen blending with natural gas at\r\nthe surface, reservoir injection and withdrawal, pressure swing adsorption\r\n(PSA)-based hydrogen separation, and recompression for delivery. A\r\ntwo-zone reservoir model, representing working gas and cushion gas\r\nwith interzone mixing, was used to capture cyclic storage behavior\r\nand its effect on hydrogen recovery and gas composition. The subsurface\r\nand surface models were validated using field, industrial, and literature\r\ndata, providing a reliable basis for cost assessment. Three infrastructure\r\ncases were studied: Scenario 1, injection, separation, and recompression\r\nonly; Scenario 2, Scenario 1 plus hydrogen transport; and Scenario\r\n3, Scenario 2 plus natural gas transport. The total levelized cost\r\nof hydrogen (LCOH) decreased with plant scale, with Scenario 1 and\r\nScenario 2 approaching ∼9 USD/kg H<sub>2</sub> at large scale,\r\nwhile Scenario 3 remained higher at ∼12–13 USD/kg H<sub>2</sub>. The lowest median LCOH was obtained at 15–20 mol\r\n% H<sub>2</sub> injection, reaching ∼9.67–9.68 USD/kg\r\nH<sub>2</sub> in Scenario 1. When the hydrogen feedstock cost was\r\nexcluded, the cost trend became more clearly decreasing with increasing\r\nH<sub>2</sub> concentration, and the facility-driven LCOH dropped\r\nfrom about 2.1 to 0.45 USD/kg H<sub>2</sub> in Scenario 1, 3.1 to\r\n0.66 USD/kg H<sub>2</sub> in Scenario 2, and 14.5 to 1.4 USD/kg H<sub>2</sub> in Scenario 3 between 5 and 50 mol % H<sub>2</sub>. Overall,\r\nthe framework provides a practical basis for generating cost curves\r\nand supporting design and operational decisions for underground hydrogen\r\nstorage in depleted gas reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 40","pages":"22198–22227"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy & Fuels","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03367","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/9/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydrogen storage is essential for the global transition
to clean
and sustainable energy, as it can balance variable renewable power,
improve energy security, and support a reliable hydrogen supply. Among
large-scale storage options, underground hydrogen storage in depleted
gas reservoirs is a promising solution due to its high capacity and
the potential to leverage existing infrastructure. In this study,
an integrated subsurface–surface techno-economic framework
was developed for the Dawn Hub depleted gas reservoir in Ontario,
Canada. The framework models hydrogen blending with natural gas at
the surface, reservoir injection and withdrawal, pressure swing adsorption
(PSA)-based hydrogen separation, and recompression for delivery. A
two-zone reservoir model, representing working gas and cushion gas
with interzone mixing, was used to capture cyclic storage behavior
and its effect on hydrogen recovery and gas composition. The subsurface
and surface models were validated using field, industrial, and literature
data, providing a reliable basis for cost assessment. Three infrastructure
cases were studied: Scenario 1, injection, separation, and recompression
only; Scenario 2, Scenario 1 plus hydrogen transport; and Scenario
3, Scenario 2 plus natural gas transport. The total levelized cost
of hydrogen (LCOH) decreased with plant scale, with Scenario 1 and
Scenario 2 approaching ∼9 USD/kg H2 at large scale,
while Scenario 3 remained higher at ∼12–13 USD/kg H2. The lowest median LCOH was obtained at 15–20 mol
% H2 injection, reaching ∼9.67–9.68 USD/kg
H2 in Scenario 1. When the hydrogen feedstock cost was
excluded, the cost trend became more clearly decreasing with increasing
H2 concentration, and the facility-driven LCOH dropped
from about 2.1 to 0.45 USD/kg H2 in Scenario 1, 3.1 to
0.66 USD/kg H2 in Scenario 2, and 14.5 to 1.4 USD/kg H2 in Scenario 3 between 5 and 50 mol % H2. Overall,
the framework provides a practical basis for generating cost curves
and supporting design and operational decisions for underground hydrogen
storage in depleted gas reservoirs.
期刊介绍：
Energy & Fuels publishes reports of research in the technical area defined by the intersection of the disciplines of chemistry and chemical engineering and the application domain of non-nuclear energy and fuels. This includes research directed at the formation of, exploration for, and production of fossil fuels and biomass; the properties and structure or molecular composition of both raw fuels and refined products; the chemistry involved in the processing and utilization of fuels; fuel cells and their applications; and the analytical and instrumental techniques used in investigations of the foregoing areas.
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