Adaptive Tracking With Harmonic Beamforming by 2-Bit Time-Modulated Array

IF 4.6 2区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI:10.1109/LAWP.2026.3724158

Bo Hou;Zhiliang Fan;Shiyuan Li;Chong He;Haiyang Wang

{"title":"Adaptive Tracking With Harmonic Beamforming by 2-Bit Time-Modulated Array","authors":"Bo Hou;Zhiliang Fan;Shiyuan Li;Chong He;Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2026.3724158","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an adaptive tracking method using a 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA). The method analyzes harmonic components generated by periodic switching to establish a relationship between the modulation sequences applied to each element and harmonics present in the received signal, enabling automatic calculation of the complex weights required for adaptive beamforming. These weights are then mapped to new modulation sequences that steer the <inline-formula><tex-math>$+1$</tex-math></inline-formula>st harmonic beam toward the direction of the incident signal. Compared to digital-array-based adaptive tracking techniques, the proposed approach requires only a single RF channel, with its primary computational cost being the discrete Fourier transform of a few harmonic components. Consequently, the method offers a simplified hardware structure and efficient signal processing. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through both numerical simulations and measurements conducted on a fabricated S-band eight-element 2-bit TMA prototype.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 10","pages":"4053-4057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11656286/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/8/14 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This letter presents an adaptive tracking method using a 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA). The method analyzes harmonic components generated by periodic switching to establish a relationship between the modulation sequences applied to each element and harmonics present in the received signal, enabling automatic calculation of the complex weights required for adaptive beamforming. These weights are then mapped to new modulation sequences that steer the

$+1$

st harmonic beam toward the direction of the incident signal. Compared to digital-array-based adaptive tracking techniques, the proposed approach requires only a single RF channel, with its primary computational cost being the discrete Fourier transform of a few harmonic components. Consequently, the method offers a simplified hardware structure and efficient signal processing. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through both numerical simulations and measurements conducted on a fabricated S-band eight-element 2-bit TMA prototype.

查看原文本刊更多论文

基于2位时调阵列的谐波波束形成自适应跟踪

本文提出了一种使用2位时调阵列（TMA）的自适应跟踪方法。该方法分析由周期开关产生的谐波分量，以建立应用于每个元件的调制序列与接收信号中存在的谐波之间的关系，从而能够自动计算自适应波束形成所需的复杂权重。然后将这些权重映射到新的调制序列上，这些调制序列将$+1$st谐波波束导向入射信号的方向。与基于数字阵列的自适应跟踪技术相比，该方法只需要一个射频通道，其主要计算成本是几个谐波分量的离散傅里叶变换。因此，该方法具有简化的硬件结构和高效的信号处理。通过对s波段8元2位TMA样机的数值模拟和测量，验证了该方法的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

9.50%

发文量

529

审稿时长

1.0 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters (AWP Letters) is devoted to the rapid electronic publication of short manuscripts in the technical areas of Antennas and Wireless Propagation. These are areas of competence for the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S). AWPL aims to be one of the "fastest" journals among IEEE publications. This means that for papers that are eventually accepted, it is intended that an author may expect his or her paper to appear in IEEE Xplore, on average, around two months after submission.