{"title":"Brain Tumor Vaccines: Next Steps.","authors":"Andres Santos, E Antonio Chiocca","doi":"10.1016/j.hoc.2026.08.005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-grade gliomas remain among the most challenging malignancies despite extensive advances in molecular characterization and immunotherapy. This review highlights that while cancer vaccines consistently induce robust systemic immune responses, their clinical efficacy is limited by profound tumor heterogeneity and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Across peptide, dendritic cell, and mRNA-based platforms, outcomes are more strongly influenced by tumor biology than vaccine design. Emerging evidence supports a shift toward combinatorial strategies. Future progress will depend on spatially resolved tumor-immune analyses, biomarker-driven patient selection, and rational combination therapies to overcome immune resistance and achieve durable clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":55060,"journal":{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Clinics of North America","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Hematology-Oncology Clinics of North America","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2026.08.005","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
High-grade gliomas remain among the most challenging malignancies despite extensive advances in molecular characterization and immunotherapy. This review highlights that while cancer vaccines consistently induce robust systemic immune responses, their clinical efficacy is limited by profound tumor heterogeneity and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Across peptide, dendritic cell, and mRNA-based platforms, outcomes are more strongly influenced by tumor biology than vaccine design. Emerging evidence supports a shift toward combinatorial strategies. Future progress will depend on spatially resolved tumor-immune analyses, biomarker-driven patient selection, and rational combination therapies to overcome immune resistance and achieve durable clinical benefit.
期刊介绍：
Hematology/Oncology Clinics updates you on the latest trends in patient management, keeps you up to date on the newest advances, and provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Under the direction of an experienced guest editor, each issue focuses on a single topic in hematology and oncology, including hemostasis and thrombosis, molecular and cellular basis of hematology, coagulation disorders, and cancers—bone, gastrointestinal, head and neck, lymphomas, neuroendocrine, breast, renal cell, melanoma, and more.
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