SwiVirScan, a high-throughput platform for profiling antibodies to swine-associated viruses, reveals extensive viral exposure histories in pigs.

Abstract

Pigs are crucial as food sources, biomedical models, and reservoirs of some zoonotic viruses, yet their comprehensive viral exposure history remains poorly understood. Here, we developed SwiVirScan, a T7 phage display-based serological platform containing 36,416 peptides derived from 140 known swine-associated viruses. Application of SwiVirScan to 127 field serum samples from adult breeding pigs revealed extensive and diverse antibody signatures: every sample recognized peptides assigned to multiple viruses, including viruses with reported zoonotic relevance or potential for cross-species transmission. Pairwise analysis identified enriched co-seropositivity patterns, including a robust association between porcine bufavirus (PBuV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), and uncovered distinct associations between seroreactivity to vaccine-targeted viruses and other viral exposures. These findings establish SwiVirScan as a high-throughput platform for mapping viral exposure histories in pig populations and prioritizing viral targets for focused surveillance and investigation.