Maternal smoking around birth and respiratory tract infection in adult offspring: A Mendelian randomization study.

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Tobacco Induced Diseases Pub Date : 2026-10-02 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.18332/tid/226837

Huan Ma, Yuanyuan Li, Hang Liang

{"title":"Maternal smoking around birth and respiratory tract infection in adult offspring: A Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Huan Ma, Yuanyuan Li, Hang Liang","doi":"10.18332/tid/226837","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy impairs lung immune responses and leads to a higher frequency of respiratory infection in children. This study aims to assess the association of maternal smoking around birth with respiratory tract infection in adult offspring, using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods: This is an MR study based on the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data. The exposure was maternal smoking around birth; the outcomes were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute bronchitis, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, and pneumonia death. The inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods were used as the main methods of MR analysis. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results.Results: After removing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to smoking by the offspring, maternal smoking around birth was associated with an increased risk of LRTI (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.29-5.58; p=0.008), COVID-19 (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.30-4.14; p=0.004), acute bronchitis (OR=7.14; 95% CI: 2.54-20.06; p<0.001), pneumonia (OR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.07-3.38; p=0.030), and bacterial pneumonia (OR=2.96; 95% CI: 1.14-7.69; p=0.026). No significant correlation was detected between maternal smoking and URTI (OR=4.29; 95% CI: 0.72-25.68; p=0.111).Conclusions: This Mendelian randomization study provides evidence that maternal smoking around birth is associated with an increased risk of LRTIs, particularly acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia, along with COVID-19, in adult offspring. These findings suggest that the detrimental impact of early-life tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory health persists into adulthood, likely mediated by long-term alterations in pulmonary development and immune system programming.","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640021/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/226837","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy impairs lung immune responses and leads to a higher frequency of respiratory infection in children. This study aims to assess the association of maternal smoking around birth with respiratory tract infection in adult offspring, using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: This is an MR study based on the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data. The exposure was maternal smoking around birth; the outcomes were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute bronchitis, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, and pneumonia death. The inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods were used as the main methods of MR analysis. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results.

Results: After removing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to smoking by the offspring, maternal smoking around birth was associated with an increased risk of LRTI (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.29-5.58; p=0.008), COVID-19 (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.30-4.14; p=0.004), acute bronchitis (OR=7.14; 95% CI: 2.54-20.06; p<0.001), pneumonia (OR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.07-3.38; p=0.030), and bacterial pneumonia (OR=2.96; 95% CI: 1.14-7.69; p=0.026). No significant correlation was detected between maternal smoking and URTI (OR=4.29; 95% CI: 0.72-25.68; p=0.111).

Conclusions: This Mendelian randomization study provides evidence that maternal smoking around birth is associated with an increased risk of LRTIs, particularly acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia, along with COVID-19, in adult offspring. These findings suggest that the detrimental impact of early-life tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory health persists into adulthood, likely mediated by long-term alterations in pulmonary development and immune system programming.

查看原文本刊更多论文

母亲在分娩时吸烟与成年后代呼吸道感染：一项孟德尔随机研究。

孕妇在怀孕期间吸烟会损害肺部免疫反应，导致儿童呼吸道感染的频率更高。本研究旨在利用孟德尔随机化（MR）评估母亲在分娩前后吸烟与成年后代呼吸道感染的关系。方法：这是一项基于综合流行病学单位（IEU）开放全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据的MR研究。暴露是母亲在分娩时吸烟；结果为上呼吸道感染（URTI）、下呼吸道感染（LRTI）、2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）、急性支气管炎、肺炎、细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎、流感肺炎和肺炎死亡。MR分析的主要方法为方差反加权法、加权中位数法和MR- egger法。进行异质性和多效性分析以确保结果的准确性。结果：在去除子代吸烟相关的单核苷酸多态性（snp）后，分娩前后母亲吸烟与LRTI （OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.29-5.58; p=0.008）、COVID-19 （OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.30-4.14; p=0.004）、急性支气管炎(OR=7.14; 95% CI: 2.54-20.06；结论：这项孟德尔随机化研究提供的证据表明，母亲在分娩时吸烟与成年后代发生下呼吸道感染的风险增加有关，尤其是急性支气管炎、肺炎、细菌性肺炎以及COVID-19。这些发现表明，早期接触烟草烟雾对呼吸系统健康的有害影响会持续到成年，可能是由肺部发育和免疫系统编程的长期改变介导的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Tobacco Induced Diseases SUBSTANCE ABUSE-PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale - as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.