Hydrothermally synthesised Gd₂Te₄O₁₁ nanorods for broadband visible light photodetection and NLO applications.

IF 6.3 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nanoscale Advances Pub Date : 2026-09-21 eCollection Date: 2026-10-27 DOI:10.1039/d6na00631k

Manoranjan Sahoo, Prabhukrupa Chinmay Kumar, Ramakanta Naik

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Abstract

Rare earth tellurium oxides belong to a wide bandgap group, which makes them prominent candidates for optoelectronic applications. Gadolinium tellurate (IV) (GTO) samples with varying concentration ratios of Gd and Te were synthesised through a hydrothermal method. All samples confirmed the Gd₂Te₄O₁₁ structure with a monoclinic crystal system. Nanorods are observed in most samples, and EDX confirmed the presence of the constituent elements. The XPS study was carried out to obtain the chemical composition and oxidation states. Optical studies of materials showed band gap values lying between 4.1 eV and 4.3 eV. From the photoresponse study, it is clear that the performance of all GTO photodetector devices (PDs) is good. The nonlinear optical (NLO) study confirmed that the nonlinear refractive index dominated over two-photon absorption for all samples, with a maximum nonlinear refractive index of 3.305 × 10^-5 cm² W^-1 and a nonlinear optical susceptibility of 38.811 × 10^-4 (esu). All the samples showed a high figure of merit (FOM), with a maximum value of 195.789. This makes GTO samples suitable for all nonlinear optical devices and optical switching applications.

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用于宽带可见光探测和NLO应用的水热合成Gd2Te4O11纳米棒。

稀土碲氧化物属于宽带隙基团，这使它们成为光电应用的突出候选者。采用水热法合成了不同Gd和Te浓度比的碲酸钆（GTO）样品。所有样品都证实了Gd2Te4O11的单斜晶系结构。在大多数样品中观察到纳米棒，EDX证实了组成元素的存在。用XPS法测定了其化学成分和氧化态。材料的光学研究表明，带隙值介于4.1 eV和4.3 eV之间。从光响应研究来看，所有GTO光电探测器器件（PDs）的性能都很好。非线性光学（NLO）研究证实，所有样品的非线性折射率在双光子吸收中占主导地位，最大非线性折射率为3.305 × 10-5 cm2 W-1，非线性光学磁化率为38.811 × 10-4 （esu）。所有样品均表现出较高的优值（FOM），最大值为195.789。这使得GTO样品适用于所有非线性光学器件和光开关应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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