Understanding Alzheimer's disease through biomarkers: pathology, progression, and clinical application.

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Bioanalysis Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-30 DOI:10.1080/17576180.2026.2740372

Xiaolong Tom Zhang, Michael Murphy, Henry Riordan, Kai Wang, Rianne Esquivel, Weifeng Xu, Xuefeng Zhang, Xinjiang Gong, Yunuo Sun, Yang Lu

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide accounting for an estimated 60% to 80% of cases. Biomarkers play an integral role in AD randomized clinical trials (RCTs), providing objective measures of disease pathology, progression, and therapeutic efficacy. Key biomarkers, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau proteins, neuroinflammatory and neurodegeneration markers, as well as various neuroimaging modalities can help to facilitate the assessment of disease-modifying therapies, enable earlier detection of pathological changes before clinical symptoms emerge, and inform regulatory decision-making by demonstrating target engagement and possible treatment efficacy when linked to cognitive outcomes. This review examines the most salient biomarkers in AD RCTs and underlines their importance in advancing diagnostics, guiding therapeutic development, and improving clinical trial design to enable effective disease-modifying treatments. [Relevant literature was identified through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published through June 2026].

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通过生物标志物了解阿尔茨海默病：病理、进展和临床应用。

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，是全球痴呆症的主要原因，估计占病例的60%至80%。生物标志物在阿尔茨海默病随机临床试验（rct）中发挥着不可或缺的作用，提供了疾病病理、进展和治疗效果的客观指标。关键的生物标志物，包括淀粉样蛋白β (Aβ)、tau蛋白、神经炎症和神经退行性变标志物，以及各种神经成像模式，可以帮助促进疾病改善疗法的评估，在临床症状出现之前早期检测到病理变化，并通过展示与认知结果相关的靶标参与和可能的治疗效果，为监管决策提供信息。本文综述了AD随机对照试验中最显著的生物标志物，并强调了它们在推进诊断、指导治疗开发和改进临床试验设计以实现有效的疾病改善治疗方面的重要性。[通过PubMed和b谷歌Scholar检索到2026年6月之前发表的相关文献]。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bioanalysis BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Reliable data obtained from selective, sensitive and reproducible analysis of xenobiotics and biotics in biological samples is a fundamental and crucial part of every successful drug development program. The same principles can also apply to many other areas of research such as forensic science, toxicology and sports doping testing. The bioanalytical field incorporates sophisticated techniques linking sample preparation and advanced separations with MS and NMR detection systems, automation and robotics. Standards set by regulatory bodies regarding method development and validation increasingly define the boundaries between speed and quality. Bioanalysis is a progressive discipline for which the future holds many exciting opportunities to further reduce sample volumes, analysis cost and environmental impact, as well as to improve sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, efficiency, assay throughput, data quality, data handling and processing. The journal Bioanalysis focuses on the techniques and methods used for the detection or quantitative study of analytes in human or animal biological samples. Bioanalysis encourages the submission of articles describing forward-looking applications, including biosensors, microfluidics, miniaturized analytical devices, and new hyphenated and multi-dimensional techniques. Bioanalysis delivers essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats. Key advances in the field are reported and analyzed by international experts, providing an authoritative but accessible forum for the modern bioanalyst.