Evi Keramida, George Souliotis, Spyridon Vlassis, Fotis Plessas
{"title":"A Low-Power CMOS-Only Voltage Reference","authors":"Evi Keramida, George Souliotis, Spyridon Vlassis, Fotis Plessas","doi":"10.1002/cta.70324","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>A novel CMOS-only voltage reference is proposed in this paper, utilizing neither bipolar junction transistors nor operational amplifiers. To obtain a temperature-independent voltage at the output, the circuit combines two opposite temperature coefficient (TC) voltages, the proportional-to-absolute temperature voltage and the complementary-to-absolute temperature voltage. The proposed voltage generator has been designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology with a supply voltage range from 1.8 to 2.5 V, a voltage reference of 970 mV in a temperature range of −40°C to 120°C and a power supply rejection ratio around −46.5 dB at 100 Hz. The main benefits of the proposed topology are its simple design—consisting of seven MOSFETs and two resistors—a very low TC of approximately 9.67 ppm/°C at the worst-case corner, and a line sensitivity of 0.0765%/V.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"5071-5077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cta.70324","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/19 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A novel CMOS-only voltage reference is proposed in this paper, utilizing neither bipolar junction transistors nor operational amplifiers. To obtain a temperature-independent voltage at the output, the circuit combines two opposite temperature coefficient (TC) voltages, the proportional-to-absolute temperature voltage and the complementary-to-absolute temperature voltage. The proposed voltage generator has been designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology with a supply voltage range from 1.8 to 2.5 V, a voltage reference of 970 mV in a temperature range of −40°C to 120°C and a power supply rejection ratio around −46.5 dB at 100 Hz. The main benefits of the proposed topology are its simple design—consisting of seven MOSFETs and two resistors—a very low TC of approximately 9.67 ppm/°C at the worst-case corner, and a line sensitivity of 0.0765%/V.
期刊介绍：
The scope of the Journal comprises all aspects of the theory and design of analog and digital circuits together with the application of the ideas and techniques of circuit theory in other fields of science and engineering. Examples of the areas covered include: Fundamental Circuit Theory together with its mathematical and computational aspects; Circuit modeling of devices; Synthesis and design of filters and active circuits; Neural networks; Nonlinear and chaotic circuits; Signal processing and VLSI; Distributed, switched and digital circuits; Power electronics; Solid state devices. Contributions to CAD and simulation are welcome.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
