Synergistic Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression in Flexible PVC Enabled by Magnesium Hydroxide With a Dual-Layer Coating and Fe(OH)3 Decoration

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Polymer Science Pub Date : 2026-10-07 Epub Date: 2026-08-31 DOI:10.1002/app.71453

Wenqing Ge, Jia Liu, Tianmu Wu, Zhihui Lv, Li Dang

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Abstract

To improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of magnesium hydroxide (MH) in flexible PVC, a hierarchical flame retardant (MH-P2@Fe) was designed via dual-layer coating of polydopamine (PDA) and polydichlorophosphazene (PDCP) followed by Fe(OH)₃ loading. The introduction of Fe(OH)₃ enhanced the thermal stability of the PDCP coating, raising its onset decomposition temperature (T ₀₅) to 343.6°C. Adding 20 phr of MH-P2@Fe to PVC gave a limiting oxygen index of 25.6%, a UL-94 V-0 rating, and reductions in peak heat release rate (20.7%), total heat release (8.89%), peak smoke production rate (37.5%) and total smoke production (28.6%) compared to PVC/MH. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-based quantitative analysis showed that iron oxides (Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄) derived from the decomposition of Fe(OH)₃ possess a strong catalytic char-forming capacity of 8.44 per unit mass, promoting early dehydrochlorination and deep aromatization to form a continuous, highly graphitized inorganic–organic char layer (MgO and Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄). In the gas phase, phosphorus radicals and water vapor quenched active radicals and diluted combustible gases. Moreover, the dual-layer coating improved interfacial adhesion, resulting in higher impact strength and tensile modulus than neat PVC, although tensile strength decreased. This work provides an effective halogen-free flame retardant for PVC with balanced performance.

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氢氧化镁双层涂层和Fe(OH)3修饰的柔性聚氯乙烯协同阻燃抑烟研究

为提高氢氧化镁（MH）在柔性聚氯乙烯中的阻燃性和抑烟性，采用聚多巴胺（PDA）和聚二氯磷腈（PDCP）双层包覆，并加载Fe(OH)3，设计了一种分级阻燃剂（MH-P2@Fe）。Fe(OH)3的引入提高了PDCP涂层的热稳定性，使其起始分解温度（t05）提高到343.6℃。与PVC/MH相比，在PVC中加入20 phr MH-P2@Fe的极限氧指数为25.6%，达到UL-94 V-0等级，峰值放热率（20.7%）、总放热率（8.89%）、峰值产烟率（37.5%）和总产烟率（28.6%）降低。基于热重分析（TGA）的定量分析表明，Fe(OH)3分解生成的氧化铁（Fe2O3/Fe3O4）具有较强的催化成炭能力（8.44 /单位质量），促进了早期脱氯化氢和深度芳构化，形成连续的、高度石墨化的无机-有机炭层（MgO和Fe2O3/Fe3O4）。在气相中，磷自由基和水蒸气淬灭了活性自由基，稀释了可燃气体。此外，双层涂层改善了界面附着力，导致冲击强度和拉伸模量高于纯PVC，但拉伸强度下降。本研究为PVC提供了一种性能平衡的无卤阻燃剂。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

10.00%

发文量

1280

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Applied Polymer Science is the largest peer-reviewed publication in polymers, #3 by total citations, and features results with real-world impact on membranes, polysaccharides, and much more.