Transforming rubber fruit shell waste into activated carbon for supercapacitor via two-step activation routes

IF 6.2 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-07 DOI:10.1007/s42823-026-01134-2

Awitdrus Awitdrus, Siti Rahma Daulay, Rakhmawati Farma, Lazuardi Umar, Agustino Agustino

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate an efficient valorization of rubber fruit shell waste (RFSW) as an abundant agricultural byproduct into activated carbon (AC) through a sequential multi-step KOH/CO₂ activation. The RFSW-700 sample (synthesized at 700 °C) exhibits a large specific surface area exceeding 494 m²/g, high carbon content, a predominantly disordered carbon framework, and high proportion of graphitic ordering. The RFSW-700 achieves a specific capacitance of 229 F/g and delivers an energy density of 7.52 Wh/kg. The RFSW-700 electrode retains 88.8% of its capacitance, with an exceptional Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% after 6,000 GCD cycles. These findings demonstrate the superior prospects of RFSW-derived BAC as a less expensive and environmentally responsible electrode for high-performance symmetrical supercapacitors, offering a scalable pathway to convert lignocellulosic waste into advanced energy storage.

查看原文本刊更多论文

通过两步活化途径将橡胶果壳废弃物转化为超级电容器用活性炭

在此，我们证明了橡胶果壳废料（RFSW）作为丰富的农业副产品，通过顺序的多步骤KOH/CO2活化，有效地转化为活性炭（AC）。RFSW-700样品（在700°C下合成）具有超过494 m2/g的大比表面积，高碳含量，以无序碳骨架为主，石墨有序比例高。RFSW-700的比电容为229 F/g，能量密度为7.52 Wh/kg。RFSW-700电极保持了88.8%的电容，在6000 GCD循环后具有98.5%的卓越库仑效率。这些发现表明，rfsw衍生的BAC作为一种更便宜、更环保的高性能对称超级电容器电极，提供了一种可扩展的途径，将木质纤维素废物转化为先进的能量储存。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.