Reflective microcavity confinement reshapes ultrafast energy localization across water–copper interfaces

IF 3.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Applied Physics Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI:10.1063/5.0357200

Jiayi Jiang,Xintong Li,Zhou Chen,Zhan Hu,Chenglin Sun,Fabing Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The evolution of ultrafast energy localization as a femtosecond laser focus across a reflective liquid–metal interface remains incompletely understood, particularly within confined geometries. Here, we investigate the interface-crossing energy localization of femtosecond breakdown in water-filled copper microcavities using in situ emission spectroscopy. Axial focal scanning reveals three distinct localization modes, corresponding to direct focusing breakdown, localization collapse near the interface, and reflection-mediated relocalization, respectively. In planar reflective geometries, the breakdown emission rapidly vanishes after the focus enters the metal substrate, followed by reflection-mediated relocalization after millimeter-scale propagation. In contrast, reflective microcavity confinement maintains continuous emission enhancement across the interface region and compresses the reflective relocalization distance to approximately 200 μm. These results demonstrate that reflective confinement reshapes ultrafast energy-localization during liquid–metal interface crossing. The bottom and sidewall reflections redirect the post-interface field back into the confined liquid, suppressing the localization-collapse and enabling rapid recovery of liquid-phase breakdown.

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反射微腔约束重塑了水-铜界面的超快能量局域化

飞秒激光聚焦在反射液体-金属界面上的超快能量局域化的演变仍然不完全清楚，特别是在受限的几何形状中。本文利用原位发射光谱研究了充水铜微腔中飞秒击穿的界面交叉能量局域化。轴向焦扫描显示了三种不同的定位模式，分别对应于直接聚焦击穿、界面附近的局部坍缩和反射介导的重新定位。在平面反射几何中，击穿发射在焦点进入金属基板后迅速消失，然后在毫米级传播后发生反射介导的重新定位。相比之下，反射微腔约束在整个界面区域保持连续的发射增强，并将反射再定位距离压缩到约200 μm。这些结果表明，在液-金属界面交叉过程中，反射约束重塑了超快能量局域化。底部和侧壁反射将界面后场重新定向到受限液体中，抑制了局部坍缩，使液相击穿能够快速恢复。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Physics Letters 物理-物理：应用

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

10.00%

发文量

1821

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Applied Physics Letters (APL) features concise, up-to-date reports on significant new findings in applied physics. Emphasizing rapid dissemination of key data and new physical insights, APL offers prompt publication of new experimental and theoretical papers reporting applications of physics phenomena to all branches of science, engineering, and modern technology. In addition to regular articles, the journal also publishes invited Fast Track, Perspectives, and in-depth Editorials which report on cutting-edge areas in applied physics. APL Perspectives are forward-looking invited letters which highlight recent developments or discoveries. Emphasis is placed on very recent developments, potentially disruptive technologies, open questions and possible solutions. They also include a mini-roadmap detailing where the community should direct efforts in order for the phenomena to be viable for application and the challenges associated with meeting that performance threshold. Perspectives are characterized by personal viewpoints and opinions of recognized experts in the field. Fast Track articles are invited original research articles that report results that are particularly novel and important or provide a significant advancement in an emerging field. Because of the urgency and scientific importance of the work, the peer review process is accelerated. If, during the review process, it becomes apparent that the paper does not meet the Fast Track criterion, it is returned to a normal track.