Effective Young’s modulus of a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite: a mean Green operator interpretation

IF 3 4区工程技术 Q3 MECHANICS

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI:10.1007/s00161-026-01531-y

Mario Spagnuolo, Giulio Sanna, Salma Barboura, Flavio Stochino

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Abstract

Experimental measurements of the effective Young’s modulus of an unidirectional composite obtained by embedding 3D-printed PLA–CF fibers in a cold-curing polyurethane elastomeric matrix are presented. Specimens with a controlled number of aligned fibers were tested in uniaxial compression along the direction of alignment. The force-displacement records were processed with a routine that identifies the linear loading regime, converts it to stress–strain through the specimen geometry, and returns the longitudinal modulus together with a combined uncertainty built from the repeatability of multiple tests and from the scatter of the experimental curve. The measured modulus increases monotonically, on average, with the fiber volume fraction, yet remains several orders of magnitude below the modulus of the fiber material. Finally, the data are interpreted within a mean Green-operator (mGo) based Ponte-Castañeda and Willis homogenization scheme, which provides the full anisotropic effective moduli.

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单向纤维增强复合材料的有效杨氏模量：平均格林算符解释

摘要：通过在冷固化聚氨酯弹性体基体中嵌入3d打印PLA-CF纤维，对单向复合材料的有效杨氏模量进行了实验测量。在沿排列方向的单轴压缩中，控制纤维排列数量的试样进行了测试。力-位移记录通过常规程序进行处理，该程序识别线性加载状态，通过试样几何形状将其转换为应力-应变，并返回纵向模量以及由多次测试的可重复性和实验曲线的离散性建立的综合不确定性。测得的模量平均随纤维体积分数的增加而单调增加，但仍比纤维材料的模量低几个数量级。最后，使用基于平均green算子（mGo） Ponte-Castañeda和Willis均匀化方案解释数据，该方案提供了完整的各向异性有效模量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 物理-力学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.40%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： This interdisciplinary journal provides a forum for presenting new ideas in continuum and quasi-continuum modeling of systems with a large number of degrees of freedom and sufficient complexity to require thermodynamic closure. Major emphasis is placed on papers attempting to bridge the gap between discrete and continuum approaches as well as micro- and macro-scales, by means of homogenization, statistical averaging and other mathematical tools aimed at the judicial elimination of small time and length scales. The journal is particularly interested in contributions focusing on a simultaneous description of complex systems at several disparate scales. Papers presenting and explaining new experimental findings are highly encouraged. The journal welcomes numerical studies aimed at understanding the physical nature of the phenomena. Potential subjects range from boiling and turbulence to plasticity and earthquakes. Studies of fluids and solids with nonlinear and non-local interactions, multiple fields and multi-scale responses, nontrivial dissipative properties and complex dynamics are expected to have a strong presence in the pages of the journal. An incomplete list of featured topics includes: active solids and liquids, nano-scale effects and molecular structure of materials, singularities in fluid and solid mechanics, polymers, elastomers and liquid crystals, rheology, cavitation and fracture, hysteresis and friction, mechanics of solid and liquid phase transformations, composite, porous and granular media, scaling in statics and dynamics, large scale processes and geomechanics, stochastic aspects of mechanics. The journal would also like to attract papers addressing the very foundations of thermodynamics and kinetics of continuum processes. Of special interest are contributions to the emerging areas of biophysics and biomechanics of cells, bones and tissues leading to new continuum and thermodynamical models.