Process‐informed co‐optimization of liquid air energy storage and data centers under off‐design thermodynamic operation

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

AIChE Journal Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI:10.1002/aic.70663

Zhicong Fang, Xiaopo Cheng, Hui Geng, Jiaze Ma

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rapid growth of AI data centers (AIDCs) is intensifying stress on power systems and exposing operators to volatile electricity markets. This work develops a process‐informed co‐optimization framework that integrates liquid air energy storage (LAES) with AIDC operation. Unlike black‐box storage models, the proposed formulation captures LAES thermodynamics through charging start‐up dynamics and off‐design discharge behavior, linking process efficiency with dispatch decisions. The model is formulated as a mixed‐integer program with a robust extension for joint participation in energy and reserve markets. Results across CAISO, PJM, and ERCOT show that LAES–AIDC integration reduces operating costs by 9%–50.9% in energy markets and up to 66.1% when reserve services are included. The analysis reveals that optimal operation is governed not only by price signals but also by maintaining LAES near efficient thermodynamic regimes, with AIDC workload flexibility shaping demand to support process performance.

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在非设计热力学操作下，液态空气储能和数据中心的过程信息协同优化

人工智能数据中心（aidc）的快速增长正在加剧对电力系统的压力，并使运营商面临动荡的电力市场。这项工作开发了一个过程信息协同优化框架，将液体空气储能（LAES）与AIDC操作集成在一起。与黑盒存储模型不同，本文提出的公式通过充电启动动力学和非设计放电行为捕捉LAES热力学，将过程效率与调度决策联系起来。该模型被制定为一个混合整数方案，具有联合参与能源和储备市场的鲁棒扩展。CAISO、PJM和ERCOT的研究结果表明，LAES-AIDC集成在能源市场上可降低9%-50.9%的运营成本，在包括储备服务时可降低66.1%的运营成本。分析表明，最优操作不仅受价格信号的控制，还受LAES保持在接近有效热力学状态的控制，AIDC工作负载灵活性塑造需求以支持过程性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

AIChE Journal 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

10.80%

发文量

411

审稿时长

3.6 months

期刊介绍： The AIChE Journal is the premier research monthly in chemical engineering and related fields. This peer-reviewed and broad-based journal reports on the most important and latest technological advances in core areas of chemical engineering as well as in other relevant engineering disciplines. To keep abreast with the progressive outlook of the profession, the Journal has been expanding the scope of its editorial contents to include such fast developing areas as biotechnology, electrochemical engineering, and environmental engineering. The AIChE Journal is indeed the global communications vehicle for the world-renowned researchers to exchange top-notch research findings with one another. Subscribing to the AIChE Journal is like having immediate access to nine topical journals in the field. Articles are categorized according to the following topical areas: Biomolecular Engineering, Bioengineering, Biochemicals, Biofuels, and Food Inorganic Materials: Synthesis and Processing Particle Technology and Fluidization Process Systems Engineering Reaction Engineering, Kinetics and Catalysis Separations: Materials, Devices and Processes Soft Materials: Synthesis, Processing and Products Thermodynamics and Molecular-Scale Phenomena Transport Phenomena and Fluid Mechanics.