{"title":"Nanostructured Deep Eutectic Systems in Healthcare: From Bioactive Solvents to Intelligent Biointerfaces, Wearables, and AI-Driven Design","authors":"Jeesu Moon, Min Seo Kim, Jae-Seung Lee","doi":"10.1002/anbr.70145","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clinical translation of advanced nanomedicines and next-generation wearables is frequently bottlenecked by material instability and interfacial incompatibility. Deep eutectic systems (DESs), historically categorized merely as green organic solvents and closely related to ionic liquids, are now emerging as a class of nanostructured functional fluids with transformative potential in biomedicine. This review moves beyond the traditional “extraction solvent” paradigm to redefine DES as programmable supramolecular assemblies. We first analyze their mesoscopic structural heterogeneity and its central role in stabilizing fragile genetic cargoes (mRNA and lipid nanoparticles) against thermal degradation, enabling cold-chain-free RNA therapeutics. We then examine how therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THEDES), when integrated with dissolving microneedle arrays, reshape transdermal delivery by transforming active pharmaceutical ingredients into intrinsic components of the supramolecular solvent architecture. We further discuss the expanding role of DES in bioelectronics, where confinement within polymer networks yields “eutectogels” functioning as biocompatible, nonvolatile electrolytes for ionotronic skin patches and implantable probes, and highlight DES-derived antimicrobial nanohybrids, including microenvironment-responsive nanozymes, conferring intrinsic self-defensive properties on such devices. Finally, we survey the convergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) with DES research, enabling de novo inverse design of patient-specific therapeutic fluids and positioning DES as intelligent biomaterials for future healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.70145","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anbr.70145","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/7/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The clinical translation of advanced nanomedicines and next-generation wearables is frequently bottlenecked by material instability and interfacial incompatibility. Deep eutectic systems (DESs), historically categorized merely as green organic solvents and closely related to ionic liquids, are now emerging as a class of nanostructured functional fluids with transformative potential in biomedicine. This review moves beyond the traditional “extraction solvent” paradigm to redefine DES as programmable supramolecular assemblies. We first analyze their mesoscopic structural heterogeneity and its central role in stabilizing fragile genetic cargoes (mRNA and lipid nanoparticles) against thermal degradation, enabling cold-chain-free RNA therapeutics. We then examine how therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THEDES), when integrated with dissolving microneedle arrays, reshape transdermal delivery by transforming active pharmaceutical ingredients into intrinsic components of the supramolecular solvent architecture. We further discuss the expanding role of DES in bioelectronics, where confinement within polymer networks yields “eutectogels” functioning as biocompatible, nonvolatile electrolytes for ionotronic skin patches and implantable probes, and highlight DES-derived antimicrobial nanohybrids, including microenvironment-responsive nanozymes, conferring intrinsic self-defensive properties on such devices. Finally, we survey the convergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) with DES research, enabling de novo inverse design of patient-specific therapeutic fluids and positioning DES as intelligent biomaterials for future healthcare.
期刊介绍：
Advanced NanoBiomed Research will provide an Open Access home for cutting-edge nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials research aimed at improving human health. The journal will capture a broad spectrum of research from increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary fields of the traditional areas of biomedicine, bioengineering and health-related materials science as well as precision and personalized medicine, drug delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven health science.
The scope of Advanced NanoBiomed Research will cover the following key subject areas:
▪ Nanomedicine and nanotechnology, with applications in drug and gene delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and multimodal imaging.
▪ Biomaterials, including hydrogels, 2D materials, biopolymers, composites, biodegradable materials, biohybrids and biomimetics (such as artificial cells, exosomes and extracellular vesicles), as well as all organic and inorganic materials for biomedical applications.
▪ Biointerfaces, such as anti-microbial surfaces and coatings, as well as interfaces for cellular engineering, immunoengineering and 3D cell culture.
▪ Biofabrication including (bio)inks and technologies, towards generation of functional tissues and organs.
▪ Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including scaffolds and scaffold-free approaches, for bone, ligament, muscle, skin, neural, cardiac tissue engineering and tissue vascularization.
▪ Devices for healthcare applications, disease modelling and treatment, such as diagnostics, lab-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, bioMEMS, bioelectronics, wearables, actuators, soft robotics, and intelligent drug delivery systems.
with a strong focus on applications of these fields, from bench-to-bedside, for treatment of all diseases and disorders, such as infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and cancer; including pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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