Frequency of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications among Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract

Microvascular and macrovascular or both types of complications is much more common in patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus. However, very few studies focused on the complication rate among newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. The objective of the study was to assess the frequency of micro and macrovascular complications among newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the Department of Endocrinology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019. All study participants were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed written consent was taken. Out of 311 respondents, the mean age was 53.28±8.84 years. Males were 63.7% and females were 36.3%. Among 311 respondents 52.7% (164) had complications and 47.3% (147) had no complication. Considering the total respondents (311), 40.2% respondents had microvascular complications, 7.7% had macrovascular complications and 4.8% had both micro and macrovascular complications. The frequency of Diabetic Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Nephropathy, CVD, CAD and PAD were 20.6%, 8.03%, 16.4%, 3.5%, 6.4% and 2.6% respectively. Considering risk factors 16.1% of respondents had a smoking habit, 47.9% were overweight and 29.9% were obese, besides 28.9% had hypertension. Hypertension, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL were significantly associated with neuropathy. Hypertension, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, LDL and urine for ACR were significantly associated with retinopathy. Hypertension, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL and urine for ACR were significantly associated with nephropathy. Smoking habits, HTN, fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours PG after OGTT, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL were significantly associated with CVD. Among the newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus patients both micro and macrovascular complications were substantially found. Neuropathy was the predominant microvascular complication where was coronary artery disease was the most common macrovascular complication.