Clinico-Pathological Spectrum and Survival Analysis of Primary Gastro-Intestinal Lymphomas in a Tertiary Care Institute of Northeast India.

Abstract

Lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of B-cells, T-cells, and/or NK-cells. Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas (PGILs), although rare, represent the most common form of extranodal lymphomas. The majority of reported PGIL cases are primarily B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). A variety of factors are known to bear prognostic implications. The study aims to profile the clinico-pathological spectrum, treatment profile, and survival outcomes of PGILs in a tertiary care institute of Northeast India. A retrospective review of 34 histopathologically confirmed PGIL cases was conducted over a 9-year period. Data on clinical presentation, imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment received, and survival status were analyzed. Relevant statistical tests were performed based on the analyzed data. Of the 34 patients, there was a slight male preponderance, with the majority presenting in the 5th decade of life. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, with the stomach being the predominant site. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent histological type. Amongst treated patients, MALToma exhibited the highest overall survival, whereas Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) had the poorest survival. Histological types were significantly associated with site of involvement, presenting symptoms, symptom duration, and survival status. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed variation primarily based on the histological types of PGILs. This study highlights the clinico-pathological heterogeneity, treatment received, and survival status of PGILs. It underscores the implications for early diagnosis and tailored therapy based on histological types, thereby filling the void in regional data on PGILs.