[Prevalence of risk factors, lifestyle habits and level of knowledge about arterial hypertension in school-aged students]

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with hypertension (HTN) being the major risk factor. In our country, 1 in 3 people with hypertension are unaware of their condition, with is even lower in people under 40. In addition, unhealthy habits such as smoking, obesity and excessive salt are ingrained from an early age. School-based education on healthy could potentially influence not only children but also their families. This study aimed to assess the risk factors, lifestyle habits and knowledge levels of 5th grade students.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 133 students from a public school in La Plata. Surveys on risk factors and lifestyle habits, followed by interactive workshops led by advanced students in the fields of medicine and biology. Blood pressure (BP) measurements using standardized techniques, and educational materials were provided for dissemination in the students' homes.

Results: None of the students knew their BP values, and over 60% believed that BP should only be measured after the age of 14. Only 5% reported regular consumption of fruit and vegetables. While 40% of the students reported that one or both of their parents had HTN, 88% reported that salt was added to meals in their homes. In addition, 74% did not believe that CVD was the leading cause of death.

Conclusion: The low level of awareness of HTN and healthy habits among preadolescents highlights the need for health education from an early age. . School-based interventions can serve as a cost-effective tool for CVD prevention, with the potential to influence both children and their families