Pattern of Blood Donor Deferral in a Blood Establishment in Lagos.

Abstract

Background: Donor deferrals serve a critical safety function in transfusion, yet high deferral rates may negatively impact blood supply and future donor return. Understanding the epidemiology and reasons for deferral can guide targeted interventions and policy adjustments.

Aim: To determine the rate, pattern, and factors associated with pre-donation deferral among voluntary blood donors at the Lagos State Blood Transfusion Services (LSBTS) donation center.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of donor records was conducted over 12 months (January to December 2019) at LSBTS. Data were extracted from donation and deferral registers on donor demographics, type, and causes of deferral. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 28.0. Chi-square tests assessed associations between categorical variables, and t-tests compared continuous variables. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for selected associations. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: Of 5,427 prospective donors, 854 (15.7%) were deferred. Deferral rates varied significantly across age groups; P < 0.001. Temporary deferrals accounted for 98.0% of all deferrals, with low hemoglobin being the leading cause (46.3%). In multivariable logistic regression, female donors remained independently associated with donor deferral (adjusted OR [AOR] 5.84, 95% CI: 4.98-6.86; P < 0.001), while first-time donors had higher odds of deferral than repeat donors (AOR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15-1.56; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: To promote donor retention and maintain an adequate and safe blood supply, blood services should prioritize pre-donation education, adopt gender-sensitive eligibility guidelines, and implement policy updates informed by local population characteristics.